Immunology

Question 1

what is the immune system

Answer 1

an organised system of organs, cells and molecules that interact together to defend the body against disease

Question 2

development of vaccination

Answer 2

china 10th century - varialation (purposeful controlled infection)
small pox was first vaccine, in 1774.
inoculated his wife and sons with matter from a cow pox legion.

Question 3

primary lymphoid organ

Answer 3

production of white blood cells (lymphocytes)

Question 4

secondary lymphoid organ

Answer 4

site where immune responses are initiated

Question 5

Thymus

Answer 5

primary lymphoid organ 
by the heart 
school for white blood cells (T cells) 
developing T cells to learn not to react to itself 
they learn what they should respond to.

Question 6

Bone marrow

Answer 6

Primary lymphoid organ
source of stem cells that develop into cells of the innate and adaptative immune responses
stem cells are pluripotent

Question 7

Lymph nodes

Answer 7

Secondary lymphoid organ
located along lymphatic vessels
lymph fluid from blood and tissue is filtered
site of initiation of immune responses. everything is kicked off here

Question 8

Spleen

Answer 8

site of initiation for immune responses against blood to bone pathogens
only organ that has no lymphatic drainage
filters disease in the blood

Question 9

3 layers of immune defence

Answer 9

1. physical and chemical barriers
2. innate immune system
3. adaptative immune system

Question 10

innate immunity

Answer 10

already in place 
rapid response - hours 
fixed
no memory 
limited specificities

Question 11

adaptative immunity

Answer 11

improves during response
slow - days to weeks
variable
highly specific - each T cell different to the others
has long term memory
detects molecular components specific to the individual pathogen