Brain bones/ Meninges and CSF

Question 1

Skull

Answer 1

Facial Bones + cranial vault

28 bones

Question 2

Cranial bones

Answer 2

8 bones, 7 visible
the bones are named after the regions of the brain that they cover
Frontal = 1 - forehead
Parietal = 2 - one on each side
Temporal = 2 - behind the ears
Occipital = 1 - the bump on the back of the skull
Sphenoid = 1 - butterfly shape that goes through the head we see either side of it on the sides of the head.

Question 3

Sutures

Answer 3

the fibrous joints between the bones of the cranium that dont allow any movement

Question 4

Coronal suture

Answer 4

frontal and parietal bones

Question 5

Lambdoidal suture

Answer 5

Occipital and parietal bones

Question 6

Squamous suture

Answer 6

temporal and parietal bones

Question 7

Fontanelles

Answer 7

the gaps between sutures/ bones in new borns. they allow the brain and the skull to grow. premature closure of sutures can block brain growth.

Question 8

Facial Skeleton

Answer 8

7 external bones and 7 internal bones
Zygomatic = 2 - cheek bones
Maxillary = 2 - upper part of jaw, little bit of fusing under the upper lip. around the nose and apples of cheeks.
Mandible = 1 - jaw
Nasal = 2 - in-between the eyes above the nose.

Question 9

Meninges

Answer 9

Protective covering for the brain. like a membrane between the skull and the brain.
made of 3 layers
Dura and Pia mater
Arachnoid

Question 10

Dura Mater

Answer 10

outer most layer 
dense and fibrous - tough 
contains 2 layers 
outer layer forms the venous sinuses 
inner layer forms the dura reflections

Question 11

Dura reflections

Answer 11

formed from the inner layer of the dura mater
separates the major divisons of the brain
3 of them
inward extensions of the dura mater

Question 12

Flax Cerebri

Answer 12

separates the central hemispheres, median plane

Question 13

Flax Cerebelli

Answer 13

separates cerebellar hemispheres, median plane

Question 14

Tentorium Cerebelli

Answer 14

separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum, horizontal plane

Question 15

Venous Sinus

Answer 15

Triangle shape 
formed between the outer and inner layers of the dura mater 
venous drainage from the brain 
cerebrospinal fluid pumped into here 
goes down the length of the brain

Question 16

Arachnoid

Answer 16

spider like
layer beneath the dura mater
does not extend into the sulci (valleys of the brain)
sheet raised up on legs which creates a space and in this space is where blood vessels and CSF can circulate. this is called the subarachnoid space.

Question 17

Subarachnoid space

Answer 17

area between pia mater and arachnoid
filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Provides cushioning for the brain

Question 18

Arachnoid granulations (villi)

Answer 18

extensions of the arachnoid that go through the dura mater from the subarachnoid space into the venous sinus
pumps ‘old’ CSF into the venous sinus

Question 19

Pia Mater

Answer 19

delicate material
blood vessels and subarachnoid space sit on top of the pia mater
adheres to brain and follows the crevices/ valleys of the brain (gyri and sulci)

Question 20

Meninges of the spinal cord

Answer 20

has the same 3 layers as the brain does. covers everything around the spinal cord/ cavity including spinal nerves and ganglions

Question 21

The Ventricular System

Answer 21

network of interconnected spaces within the brain

filled with CSF

Question 22

Choroid Plexus

Answer 22

where CSF is produced

lines the ventricles of the brain

Question 23

Circulation of CSF

Answer 23

starts in the lateral ventricle (which extends through multiple areas of the brain)
next goes to the 3rd ventricle then to the cerebral aqueduct the to the 4th ventricle then to the subarachnoid space where it is pumped into the venous sinus through the arachnoid villi or it goes down the central canal of the spinal cord.
it is then samples to see if meningitis is present

Question 24

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 24

CSF
Bathes and cushions the brain
circulates through the ventricles and the subarachnoid space and the spinal cord

Question 25

Hydrocephalus

Answer 25

when the ventricular system goes wrong
enlarged ventricles and a blocked aquaduct
caused by abnormal circulation of CSF in ventricles
leads to increased inter-cranial pressure inside the skull
progressive enlargement of the head
leads to convulsions, tunnel vision, mental disability