Joints Flashcards
what is a joint
holds bones together
where bones articulate
involves bone shapes and soft tissues
free movement or control movement
soft tissue in joints
no inorganic component
made from cartilage
cartilage composition
collagen fibres in a ground substance
chondrocytes live in the lacuna
nutrients diffuse by joint loading not vascular
hyaline cartilage structure
collagen fibres barely visible
high water content in matrix
fibrocartilage structure
collagen fibres form bundles throughout the matrix
fibres align with stresses
hyaline cartilage functions
provides a smooth frictionless surface
for resisting compression
moulds to bones in synovial joints
fibrocartilage functions
resisting compression and tension
deepens articulations
can adapt its shape to stresses on the joint
bony congruence
the sum of the bone surfaces that form an articulation
ligaments and tendons in genral
made of dense fibrous connective tissue
collagen for resisting tension
fibroblasts and cytes
some vascularity
ligaments
bone to bone
for restricting movement away from itself
tendons
muscle to bone
facilitates and controls movement and contractions
fibrous joint
made of DFCT
Ligament
limited stability and movement
eg. cranial suture
cartilaginous joint
some movement
tissue is fibrocartilage
special functions and various structures
eg. intervertebral disc
synovial joints
free moving
most limbs and appendages
association between tissues and structures
synovial joint features
bone ends determine the range of motion and type of movement, the ends where they meet
articular/ hyaline cartilage
covers bone ends
subchondral bone is smooth
capsular ligaments
hold bones together
tight and thick where support is needed
potential space/ cavity
synovial membrane
lines the inner surface of the capsule and secretes synovial fluid
collateral ligaments
medial and lateral
they restrict adduction and abduction
intracapsular ligaments
restricts movement between bones
arise from the tibia and insert into the femur
ACL restricts posterial movement of the femur
PCL restricts anterial movement of the femur
hinge joint
elbow - flex and extend only moves through the sagittal planes
uni-axial planes
looks like a hinge
interphalangeal joints
pivot joint
the radioulnar joints- both ends ends
moves through the transverse plane
uni-axial
saddle joint
looks like a saddle carpal metacarpal joint bi-axial flexion- extension adbuction- adduction thus circumduction
ellipsoid joint
radiocarpal joint flexion- extension abduction - adduction NO rotation think about the wrist
condylar joint
knee
biaxial
flexion and extension
rotation when knee is flexed
plane joint
planar - slides over a surface multiaxial sliding and gliding flat articular joints intercarpal and intertarsal joints allows the arch of the foot to be flattened onto the ground
ball and socket joint
hip or shoulder multiaxial flexion - extension abduction- adduction thus circumduction rotation
ROM
range of motion is determined by the bone end and shape
ligament location and length
bony congruence
bone end features
bone ends hyaline cartilage capsule cavity synovial membrane ligaments
