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Biology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Neuron

A

Basic unit of the nervous system

Carry information through the nervous system in a form called an impulse

3 parts: cell body, dendrites, and axon

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2
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive impulses and bring them to the cell body

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3
Q

Cell body

A

Where the nucleus and most of the organelles are located

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4
Q

Axon

A

Carries impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons, muscles, and glands

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5
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Covers the axon

Allows the impulse to travel faster

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6
Q

3 types of neurons

A

Sensory
Motor
Inter neurons

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7
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Carry messages from your body to your brain or spinal cord

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8
Q

Motor neurons

A

Carry messages from your brain to your body

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9
Q

Inter neurons

A

Carry messages in your brain

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10
Q

The nervous system —- and —– incoming information before —————

A

Sorts
Interprets
Directing a response

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11
Q

The myelin sheath allows for impulses to be quickly ———-

A

Carried over long distances

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12
Q

White matter

A

Matter in the brain covered in myelin sheath

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13
Q

Gray matter

A

Matter in the brain not covered with sheath

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14
Q

Do neurons touch?

A

No but they lie end to end

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15
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between the neurons

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16
Q

When an impulse reaches the end of a neuron, the neuron releases ——- which move across the gap between the neurons

A

Neurotransmitter

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17
Q

The neurotransmitters then activate the — of the next neuron

A

Dendrite

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18
Q

Central nervous system

A

Control center of the nervous system

Coordinates all of your body’s activities

Brain and spine

19
Q

Brain

A

Control center of the entire nervous system

20
Q

Three parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

21
Q

Cerebrum

A

Controls your conscious activities including intelligence, memory, language, skeletal muscles movements, and your senses

22
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls balance, posture, and coordination

If you injure your cerebellum, your movements become jerky

23
Q

Brainstem

A

Made up of three parts: medulla oblongata, the pons and midbrain

24
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Controls breathing and heart rate

25
Q

Pons and midbrain

A

Coordinate the brain’s messages

26
Q

Spinal cord

A

Made of neurons and bundles of axons that pass impulses to and from the brain

27
Q

The cerebrum has —- lobes or sections

A

4

28
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Controls reasoning, planning, emotions, problem solving, and smell

29
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Controls touch, pressure, temperature, pain, and taste

30
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Controls hearing, memory, and speech

Broca’s area

31
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Controls vision

32
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Made up of all of the nerves that carry messages to and from the central nervous system

33
Q

Together, the CNS and the PNS respond to things that..

A

Happen in the outside environment

34
Q

There are 2 parts to the PNS:

A

Somatic and autonomic nervous systems

35
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Carries information between your skin, the CNS, and your muscles

Voluntary

Sometimes a stimulus results in an automatic response called a reflex

36
Q

Autonomic Nervous system

A

Carries impulses from the CNS to your internal organs

Involuntary

37
Q

There are 2 parts of the autonomic nervous system:

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

38
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

In control when you are stressed such as when you are running, or when something scares you (fight or flight response)

39
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

In control when you are resting, such as when you are sleeping or sitting down

40
Q

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems send signals to the same ——–

A

Internal organs

41
Q

Nerve

A

A collection of axons pulled together with blood vessels and connective tissue

42
Q

Sensory nerves

A

Conduct sensory information from their receptors to the CNS where the information is then processed

43
Q

Motor nerves

A

Conduct signals from the CNS to muscles

44
Q

Nervous system

A

Controls us by sending messages and receiving messages to and from the brain

Biology (22 decks)

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