Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

function of the NS

A

detect stimuli and enable the body to effectiveley respond.

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2
Q

what is the brain

A

enlarged upper part of the spinal chord.

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3
Q

how is the brain protected

A

cranium, cerebrospinal fluid, meinges membranes

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4
Q

name the 3 meninges

A

dura meter
arachnoid meter
pia meter

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5
Q

function of the cerebellum

A

voluntary
recieves and interprets sensations
high mental functions

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6
Q

function of the corpus callosum

A

connects 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum

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7
Q

function of the cerebellum

A

all voluntary actions to ensure smooth movement

maintains muscle tone

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8
Q

function of the medulla oblongata

A

involuntary functions

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9
Q

where can the central canal be found

A

it runs through the centre of the spinal cord.

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10
Q

what is the central canal filled with

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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11
Q

what shape does the grey matter form

A

H shape

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12
Q

where is the white matter of the spinal chord found

A

surrounds the H shape

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13
Q

where do the spinal nerves enter and leave

A

between successive vertebrae

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14
Q

compare the two types of spinal nerves.

A

dorsal:

  • made up of sensory neurons
  • conducts impulses from receptors to grey matter

ventral:

  • made up of motor neurons
  • conducts impulses from grey matter towards effector.
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15
Q

what is a ganglion

A

cell bodies of sensory neurons occur in swelling of dorsal root.

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16
Q

by what is the spinal chord protected

A

same 3 meninges that protect the brain

17
Q

what are the 2 main functions of the spinal cord.

A

carring signals from the brain

carrying signals to the brain

18
Q

what are cranial nerves

A

connected to brain and conduct impulses to and from sensory receptors and muscles in face

19
Q

what are spinal nerves

A

enter and leave spinal cord between vertebrae.

20
Q

name the 2 functions of the PNS

A

sensory and motor

21
Q

explain how the somatic NS works

A

motor nuerons conduct impulses from CNA to skeletal muscles that control voluntary movements.

22
Q

explain how the autonomic NS works

A

motor neurons conduct impulses from CNS to cardiac and smooth muscles and glands.

23
Q

name the 3 types of neurons

A

sensor
motor
interneuron

24
Q

what is a reflex arc

A

quick, automatic response that involves the spinal cord and not the brain

25
what is a synapse
minute gap between consecutive neurons or between neuron and effector.
26
formal term for neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
27
what is alzheimers disease
irreversible brain disease that gradually worsens, resulting in memory loss and decreased metal functioning
28
2 causes of alzheimers
- amyloid plaque develops between neurons | - shortage of neurotransmitter at synapse
29
symptoms of alzheimers
- short/long term memory loss - tasks with steps become difficult - irritability, mood swings, aggresion - loose ability to speak
30
what is MS
auto immune disease affecting the neurons of the CNS | body attacks and destroys the myelin shealth
31
symptoms of MS
loss of muslce control and co ordination | loss of vision, memory and speach ability