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Life Sciences > DNA AND RNA > Flashcards

DNA AND RNA Flashcards

1
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

What is DNA and what does it do

A

A molecule that contains genetic info/instructions that control the production of specific proteins that are essential for life

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3
Q

Name the 3 nucleobases that are found in both RNA and DNA

A

cytosine, adenine, guanine

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4
Q

Name the nucleobase that makes DNA different from RNA

A

thymine

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5
Q

Name the nucleobase that makes RNA different from DNA

A

Uracil

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6
Q

Where are DNA mostly found

A

nucleus

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7
Q

Where is DNA divided into specific parts that encode certain characteristics

A

On the chromosomes

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8
Q

What is the scientific name for the position

A

Lotus

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9
Q

The scientific term for DNA found in the mitochondria

A

mtDNA

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10
Q

True or false, DNA is single-stranded

A

False

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11
Q

What do we call it when DNA is twisted and folded

A

double helix

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12
Q

What are nucleotides

A

Repeated units of DNA that are the foundation for genetic codes

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13
Q

what do each nucleotide contain

A

one phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, one nitrogen-containing place.

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14
Q

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

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15
Q

Name the 2 complementary pairs of nitrogenous pairs

A

A AND T //// G AND C

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16
Q

What are the 2 divisions of nucleotides

A

purines and pyrimides

17
Q

Name the 4 people who played a role in the discovery of the structure of DNA

A

Watson, Crick, Franklin, Wilkins

18
Q

Which 2 people put forward the model of the structure of DNA

A

Watson and Crick

19
Q

What percentage of DNA is known as coding DNA

A

2%

20
Q

What does non-coding DNA form?

A

functional rna molecules

21
Q

What is mitochondrial DNA

A

Small circular chromosomes found inside the mitochondria

22
Q

How are the mitochondria and Mdna passed on

A

From mother to offspring

23
Q

What is DNA replication?

A

the process of making a new identical DNA molecule

24
Q

Which cell cycle and where does DNA replication occur

A

Takes place in the nucleus during interphase

25
Q

Why is DNA replication necessary

A

Ensures that genetic code is passed on

26
Q

List the steps of DNA replication

A
  1. 2 strands of DNA separate because the hydrogen bonds between the bases break
  2. free nucleotides are attracted to their comp base
  3. once lined up there joined by DNA polymerase (enzyme)
  4. form a complete polynucleotide chain
27
Q

What is the formal name for the process of DNA replication

A

semi-conservative method

28
Q

How is it ensured that the chromosome number can be kept constant from one generation to the next

A

Identical copies of DNA are made

29
Q

name the 3 nucleotides that make up the monomers of RNA

A

a phosphate group, ribose sugar molecules, nitrogen bases

30
Q

List the three types of RNA

A

transfer, messenger, ribosomal

31
Q

Where is messenger RNA found

A

Nucleus

32
Q

What is the function of messenger RNA

A

it determines the order of Amino Acids and copies genetic info from DNA to ribosomes in the cytoplasm

33
Q

Where would one find transfer rna

A

in the cytoplasm

34
Q

________ on the one side and the ________ acids fold over

A

Anticodon and amino acids

35
Q

What is the function of the ribosomal RNA

A

it is the place for protein synthesis

36
Q

What are the differences between RNA and DNA

A

DNA is double stranded, RNA is single
DNA has deoxyribose sugar and RNA has ribose sugar
DNA has thymine and RNA has uracil

37
Q

Other name for dna fingerprint

A

dna profile

38
Q

name 4 examples of things that can be used as DNA evidence

A

semen//skin//blood//hair

39
Q

state 6 uses of DNA profiles

A
  • identify crime suspects
  • paternity test
  • gentic disorder testing
  • match tissue type
  • identify missing people
  • identify unrecognizable bodies

Life Sciences (16 decks)

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