DNA AND RNA Flashcards
What does DNA stand for
deoxyribonucleic acid
What is DNA and what does it do
A molecule that contains genetic info/instructions that control the production of specific proteins that are essential for life
Name the 3 nucleobases that are found in both RNA and DNA
cytosine, adenine, guanine
Name the nucleobase that makes DNA different from RNA
thymine
Name the nucleobase that makes RNA different from DNA
Uracil
Where are DNA mostly found
nucleus
Where is DNA divided into specific parts that encode certain characteristics
On the chromosomes
What is the scientific name for the position
Lotus
The scientific term for DNA found in the mitochondria
mtDNA
True or false, DNA is single-stranded
False
What do we call it when DNA is twisted and folded
double helix
What are nucleotides
Repeated units of DNA that are the foundation for genetic codes
what do each nucleotide contain
one phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, one nitrogen-containing place.
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
Name the 2 complementary pairs of nitrogenous pairs
A AND T //// G AND C
What are the 2 divisions of nucleotides
purines and pyrimides
Name the 4 people who played a role in the discovery of the structure of DNA
Watson, Crick, Franklin, Wilkins
Which 2 people put forward the model of the structure of DNA
Watson and Crick
What percentage of DNA is known as coding DNA
2%
What does non-coding DNA form?
functional rna molecules
What is mitochondrial DNA
Small circular chromosomes found inside the mitochondria
How are the mitochondria and Mdna passed on
From mother to offspring
What is DNA replication?
the process of making a new identical DNA molecule
Which cell cycle and where does DNA replication occur
Takes place in the nucleus during interphase
Why is DNA replication necessary
Ensures that genetic code is passed on
List the steps of DNA replication
- 2 strands of DNA separate because the hydrogen bonds between the bases break
- free nucleotides are attracted to their comp base
- once lined up there joined by DNA polymerase (enzyme)
- form a complete polynucleotide chain
What is the formal name for the process of DNA replication
semi-conservative method
How is it ensured that the chromosome number can be kept constant from one generation to the next
Identical copies of DNA are made
name the 3 nucleotides that make up the monomers of RNA
a phosphate group, ribose sugar molecules, nitrogen bases
List the three types of RNA
transfer, messenger, ribosomal
Where is messenger RNA found
Nucleus
What is the function of messenger RNA
it determines the order of Amino Acids and copies genetic info from DNA to ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Where would one find transfer rna
in the cytoplasm
________ on the one side and the ________ acids fold over
Anticodon and amino acids
What is the function of the ribosomal RNA
it is the place for protein synthesis
What are the differences between RNA and DNA
DNA is double stranded, RNA is single
DNA has deoxyribose sugar and RNA has ribose sugar
DNA has thymine and RNA has uracil
Other name for dna fingerprint
dna profile
name 4 examples of things that can be used as DNA evidence
semen//skin//blood//hair
state 6 uses of DNA profiles
- identify crime suspects
- paternity test
- gentic disorder testing
- match tissue type
- identify missing people
- identify unrecognizable bodies
