DNA AND RNA

Question 1

What does DNA stand for

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

What is DNA and what does it do

Answer 2

A molecule that contains genetic info/instructions that control the production of specific proteins that are essential for life

Question 3

Name the 3 nucleobases that are found in both RNA and DNA

Answer 3

cytosine, adenine, guanine

Question 4

Name the nucleobase that makes DNA different from RNA

Answer 4

thymine

Question 5

Name the nucleobase that makes RNA different from DNA

Answer 5

Uracil

Question 6

Where are DNA mostly found

Answer 6

nucleus

Question 7

Where is DNA divided into specific parts that encode certain characteristics

Answer 7

On the chromosomes

Question 8

What is the scientific name for the position

Answer 8

Lotus

Question 9

The scientific term for DNA found in the mitochondria

Answer 9

mtDNA

Question 10

True or false, DNA is single-stranded

Answer 10

False

Question 11

What do we call it when DNA is twisted and folded

Answer 11

double helix

Question 12

What are nucleotides

Answer 12

Repeated units of DNA that are the foundation for genetic codes

Question 13

what do each nucleotide contain

Answer 13

one phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, one nitrogen-containing place.

Question 14

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases

Answer 14

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Question 15

Name the 2 complementary pairs of nitrogenous pairs

Answer 15

A AND T //// G AND C

Question 16

What are the 2 divisions of nucleotides

Answer 16

purines and pyrimides

Question 17

Name the 4 people who played a role in the discovery of the structure of DNA

Answer 17

Watson, Crick, Franklin, Wilkins

Question 18

Which 2 people put forward the model of the structure of DNA

Answer 18

Watson and Crick

Question 19

What percentage of DNA is known as coding DNA

Answer 19

2%

Question 20

What does non-coding DNA form?

Answer 20

functional rna molecules

Question 21

What is mitochondrial DNA

Answer 21

Small circular chromosomes found inside the mitochondria

Question 22

How are the mitochondria and Mdna passed on

Answer 22

From mother to offspring

Question 23

What is DNA replication?

Answer 23

the process of making a new identical DNA molecule

Question 24

Which cell cycle and where does DNA replication occur

Answer 24

Takes place in the nucleus during interphase

Question 25

Why is DNA replication necessary

Answer 25

Ensures that genetic code is passed on

Question 26

List the steps of DNA replication

Answer 26

1. 2 strands of DNA separate because the hydrogen bonds between the bases break 2. free nucleotides are attracted to their comp base 3. once lined up there joined by DNA polymerase (enzyme) 4. form a complete polynucleotide chain

Question 27

What is the formal name for the process of DNA replication

Answer 27

semi-conservative method

Question 28

How is it ensured that the chromosome number can be kept constant from one generation to the next

Answer 28

Identical copies of DNA are made

Question 29

name the 3 nucleotides that make up the monomers of RNA

Answer 29

a phosphate group, ribose sugar molecules, nitrogen bases

Question 30

List the three types of RNA

Answer 30

transfer, messenger, ribosomal

Question 31

Where is messenger RNA found

Answer 31

Nucleus

Question 32

What is the function of messenger RNA

Answer 32

it determines the order of Amino Acids and copies genetic info from DNA to ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Question 33

Where would one find transfer rna

Answer 33

in the cytoplasm

Question 34

________ on the one side and the ________ acids fold over

Answer 34

Anticodon and amino acids

Question 35

What is the function of the ribosomal RNA

Answer 35

it is the place for protein synthesis

Question 36

What are the differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 36

DNA is double stranded, RNA is single DNA has deoxyribose sugar and RNA has ribose sugar DNA has thymine and RNA has uracil

Question 37

Other name for dna fingerprint

Answer 37

dna profile

Question 38

name 4 examples of things that can be used as DNA evidence

Answer 38

semen//skin//blood//hair

Question 39

state 6 uses of DNA profiles

Answer 39

- identify crime suspects - paternity test - gentic disorder testing - match tissue type - identify missing people - identify unrecognizable bodies