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Life Sciences > Human Evolution > Flashcards

Human Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

what caused all of the dinosaurs to be wiped out 65mya and what did this enable other mammals to do

A

mass extinction // to fill empty ecological niches

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2
Q

how do primates differ from mammals

A

large eyes
large brains
flexible limbs with grasping hands

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3
Q

list the 2 types of primates

A

prosimians and anthropoids

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4
Q

compare prosimians and anthropoids

A

prosimians:
- more primitive
- less developed brains
- lemurs, tarsiers and bushbabies

anthropoids

  • more advanced
  • larger brains
  • monkey, apes, humans
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5
Q

compare hominids and homonins

A

hominids
- group of primates that contain all african apes

homonins
- bipedal (walk on 2 legs)

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6
Q

what species are included under homonins

A

ardipithecus
australopithecus
homosapiens

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7
Q

describe the movement habits of an african ape

A
  • have the ability to walk on 2 legs but usually walk on 4

- use knuckles on front limbs for support

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8
Q

what is the only hominin to have survived

A

humans

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9
Q

list 6 anatomical similarities between african apes and humans

A 
structure of body 
relatively large 
large brain 
no tail 
sexual dimorphism 
hands used as tools 
omivorous 
dental formula 
long gestation period 
young helpless 
no distinct breeding season
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10
Q

list 3 pieces of evidence for common ancestors

A

fossil
genetic
cultural

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11
Q

list 6 pieces of fossil evidence that suggests a common ancestor

A
  • humans have a more cup shaped pelvis and pelvic girdle
  • humans spine is curved
  • in humans foramen magnum is nearer middle
  • humans have a stiff foot with a big toe
  • humans have a larger fontal area with a larger cranium
  • hominids have same dental formula
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12
Q

what is prognathism

A

condition of jaws that project beyond upper part of face

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13
Q

explain why humans don’t need as large jaw muscles as apes

A

humans food is easier to chew and not necessary as food is cooked

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14
Q

why do humans have a more upright brown

A

in order to hold a larger brain

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15
Q

explain how mtDNA is passed on from mother to daughter

A

sperm fertilses an egg
(nucleus enters egg)
cytoplasm of zygote will therefo only contain mitochondria with mtdna

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16
Q

WHERE IS THE OLUVAI GORGE

A

In Tanzania

17
Q

how did hunting become normalized

A

when spears were created from flakes of rocks

18
Q

list the three ages in order

: bronze, iron and copper

A

copper, bronze, iron

19
Q

list 4 things that technology developed during the age of industrialization

A

see further
see smaller things
hear things miles away
carry massive loads

20
Q

describe ardipithecus

A 
small hominid 
toe like thumb 
small brain 
rigid feet 
prognathus face 
heavy brow riddge 
teeth show they ate plants and fruit
21
Q

why can it be said that it is likely ardipithecus is a transitional form between apes and autralopithicus.

A

shows intermediate characteristics.

22
Q

describe australopithecus

A 
southern ape man 
small brained 
large toothed 
fully bipedal 
small
23
Q

name the 2 types within australopithecus

A
  • gracie

- robust

24
Q

list the 4 major phases in hominid evolution

A
  • H.habilis
  • H. erectus
  • H. heidelbergensis
  • H. Sapiens
25
Q

what is unique about the H. Habilis

A

they are the first to make tools

26
Q

where are the first fossoils of H.habilis found

A

olduvai gorge in tanzania

27
Q

why are H.habilis classified as humans

A
  • large brain
  • small teeth
  • face is less prognathus
  • smalle eye sockets
  • foot has a modern arch
28
Q

where were the first H.Erectus fossils found

A

indonesia

29
Q

what is unique about H. Erectus

A

very variable
skull heavy with a large brain
control fire
first hominin to migrate out of Africa

30
Q

where was H.Heidelbergensis firrst found in fossil form

A

germany

31
Q

describe H.Heidelbergensis

A 
large
muscular 
large brow ridge 
flatter face 
larger brain 
no chin
32
Q

describe the relationship between volume of brain size and time

A

as time increase volume of the brain increases.

33
Q

chimps and humans have what percentage of there genome in common

A

98%

34
Q

mutations happen at a _______ rate

A

steady

Life Sciences (16 decks)

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