Neoplasia 1

Question 1

What is Neoplasia?

Answer 1

• new growth

Question 2

What is a tumour?

Answer 2

• swelling (could be inflammatory, neoplastic or both)

Question 3

What is Oncology?

Answer 3

• study of tumours

Question 4

What do benign and malignant mean?

Answer 4

• benign - harmless
  
  • but can be harmful e.g. if in the head (squash brain)
• malignant - harmful

Question 5

What is ‘Hamartoma’?

Answer 5

• localised
• tumour-like
• proliferation of normal tissue
• includes normal components (but 1 tissue type might predominate)

Question 6

What is this showing?

Answer 6

• hairs forming on the tongue
• hamartoma

Question 7

What is ‘Choristoma’?

Answer 7

• normal tissue found in an abnormal location
• e.g. dogs can have patches of normal haired skin on cornea

Question 8

Describe the steps of pre-neoplastic changes

Answer 8

Question 9

What is Anaplasia?

Answer 9

• loss of cell differentiation (revert to a primitive state)
• often irreversible
• wouldn’t recognize the tissue type

Question 10

Name the different types of tumour

Answer 10

• mesenchymal (spindle/ round)
• epithelial
• undifferentiated and mixed
• neuroendocrine
• nervous

Question 11

What are mesenchymal tumours?

Answer 11

• arise from cells of mesodermal origin
  
  • typically spindle cell tumours

Question 12

What is the origin of haematopoietic cells and what tumours do they form?

Answer 12

• mesenchymal origin
• round cell tumours

Question 13

What is another name for malignancies?

Answer 13

• sarcomas e.g. lymphosarcoma

Question 14

What do you call benign and malignant tumours

Answer 14

• benign = oma
• malignant = sarcoma

Question 15

• WHat is leukaemia?

Answer 15

• in circulation
• Leuk (white) aemia (blood)
• proliferating but not forming a mass

Question 16

What would you call a malignant tumour originating in the fat?

Answer 16

• Liposarcoma

Question 17

What type of tumour does this show?

Answer 17

• fibroma (mesenchymal, spindle cell)
• absence of blood vessels etc.

Question 18

What type of tumour is this showing?

Answer 18

• fibrosarcoma
• mesenchymal (spindle cell)
• spindle cells replicating out of control

Question 19

What type of tumour is this showing and is it round or spindle cell?

Answer 19

• lymphoma
• (mesenchymal, round cell)
• lots of lympocytes seen

Question 20

What cells can epithelial tumours arise from?

Answer 20

• cells of endodermal, mesodermal or ectodermal origin

Question 21

What are the benign epithelial tumours/

Answer 21

• adenoma - tumour of glandular epithelium
• polyp - exophytic growth of cutaneous or mucocutaneous surface
• papilloma - exophytic growth of mucosal surface

Question 22

What are the malignant epithelial tumours?

Answer 22

• carcinoma - all epithelial malignancies
• adenocarcinoma - malignancy with glandular pattern

Question 23

What is Scirrhous?

Answer 23

• adjective for tumours which cause desmoplasia (formation of collagen around the tissue surrounding the tumour)

Question 24

What is this showing?

Answer 24

• polyp
• 1st arrow is villus pushed to the side
• (epithelial)

Question 25

What is this showing?

Answer 25

• adenocarcinoma

Question 26

What is an undifferentiated or anaplastic tumour?

Answer 26

• malignancies where it is not possible to see cell of origin

Question 27

What are mixed tumours thought to arise from?

Answer 27

• arise from a single cell type capable of differentiating into multiple cell lines e.g. benign mixed mammary tumours in dogs

Question 28

What is a teratoma?

Answer 28

• from totipotent or pluripotent stem cells
  
  • can form any cell type
  • usually in repro organs because more stem cells

Question 29

Give and example of benign and malignany mixed tumour

Answer 29

• benign - mixed mammary tumour
• malignant - teratocarcinoma

Question 30

Where do neuroendocrine tumours originate from?

Answer 30

• endocrine cells

Question 31

What are nervous tumours?

Answer 31

• from the cells of the central or peripheral nervous system