Neoplasia 1 Flashcards
What is Neoplasia?
- new growth
What is a tumour?
- swelling (could be inflammatory, neoplastic or both)
What is Oncology?
- study of tumours
What do benign and malignant mean?
- benign - harmless
- but can be harmful e.g. if in the head (squash brain)
- malignant - harmful
What is ‘Hamartoma’?
- localised
- tumour-like
- proliferation of normal tissue
- includes normal components (but 1 tissue type might predominate)
What is this showing?
- hairs forming on the tongue
- hamartoma
What is ‘Choristoma’?
- normal tissue found in an abnormal location
- e.g. dogs can have patches of normal haired skin on cornea
Describe the steps of pre-neoplastic changes
What is Anaplasia?
- loss of cell differentiation (revert to a primitive state)
- often irreversible
- wouldn’t recognize the tissue type
Name the different types of tumour
- mesenchymal (spindle/ round)
- epithelial
- undifferentiated and mixed
- neuroendocrine
- nervous
What are mesenchymal tumours?
- arise from cells of mesodermal origin
- typically spindle cell tumours
What is the origin of haematopoietic cells and what tumours do they form?
- mesenchymal origin
- round cell tumours
What is another name for malignancies?
- sarcomas e.g. lymphosarcoma
What do you call benign and malignant tumours
- benign = oma
- malignant = sarcoma
- WHat is leukaemia?
- in circulation
- Leuk (white) aemia (blood)
- proliferating but not forming a mass
What would you call a malignant tumour originating in the fat?
- Liposarcoma
What type of tumour does this show?
- fibroma (mesenchymal, spindle cell)
- absence of blood vessels etc.
What type of tumour is this showing?
- fibrosarcoma
- mesenchymal (spindle cell)
- spindle cells replicating out of control
What type of tumour is this showing and is it round or spindle cell?
- lymphoma
- (mesenchymal, round cell)
- lots of lympocytes seen
What cells can epithelial tumours arise from?
- cells of endodermal, mesodermal or ectodermal origin
What are the benign epithelial tumours/
- adenoma - tumour of glandular epithelium
- polyp - exophytic growth of cutaneous or mucocutaneous surface
- papilloma - exophytic growth of mucosal surface
What are the malignant epithelial tumours?
- carcinoma - all epithelial malignancies
- adenocarcinoma - malignancy with glandular pattern
What is Scirrhous?
- adjective for tumours which cause desmoplasia (formation of collagen around the tissue surrounding the tumour)
What is this showing?
- polyp
- 1st arrow is villus pushed to the side
- (epithelial)
