Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FD1 > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of fungi?

A
  • eukaryotic (nuclei)
  • widely distributed in environment
  • most are saprophytic (eat dead material)
  • grow aerobically
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many species of fungi are there?

A
  • >250,000
  • (150 pathogenic to man/animals)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 main groups of fungi?

A
  1. Ascomycota- (yeasts, truffles)
  2. Basidiomycota (mushrooms)
  3. Zygomycota (bread moulds)
  4. Deuteromycetes (fungi imperfecti)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 main morphological forms of fungi?

A
  • filamentous- branches, spreads
  • yeast - little granules
    • some can be both (dimorphic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do fungi produce when they reproduce?

A
  • spores (germinate when environmental conditions favourable)
  • asexually or sexually
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe fungal sexual and asexual reproduction

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What kind of fungi can change shape/size and what are the triggers? Examples?

A
  • in order to survive- DIMORPHIC fungi change
  • triggers:
    • pH
    • temp
    • water levels
  • Examples:
    • Candida albicans (yeast ->filamentous)
    • Histoplasma (filamentous ->yeast)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

At what temp will a fungus be in mold/ yeast form?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms involved in fungal disease?

A
  1. tissue invasion (mycosis)
  2. toxin production (mycotoxicosis)
  3. induction of hypersensitivity)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the types of mycosis?

A
  • superficial (incl. mucous membranes and subcutaneous)
  • systemic (respiratory/ GIT)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List the predisposing factors that increase the risk of fungal disease

A
  • immunosuppression (after steroids)
  • persistent moisture
  • prolonged antibiotics
  • immunological defects
  • young/old
  • malnutrition
  • large infective dose
  • breed/genetics
  • trauma to tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 groups of dermatophytes (ringworm)?

A
  • Zoophilic- obligate pathogens- mainly infect animals
  • Anthropophilic - obligate pathogens - only humans
  • Geophilic - occur naturally in soil (with decomposing hair/ feathers) - animals/ peiple
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the main species of dermatophytes?

A
  • microsporum
  • trichophyton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is Dermatophytosis spread/ what does it invade?

A
  • transmission via direct (or indirect) contact with spores
    • m.canis- cats most common source
    • t.mentagrophyte- (rodent/ hedgehogs source to dog)
    • t.verrucosum- calves
    • m.gypseum- soil (digging dogs)
  • invades superficial keratinised structures (skin, hair, claws)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How long can ringworm spores remain viable for?

A
  • >12m in suitable environments
17
Q

What clinical signs would you see in dermatophytosis?

A
  • hyphae grow out from original lesion -> normal skin
  • alopecia, dermatitis, epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, onchomycosis (nail infection)
18
Q

What is this?

A
  • dermatophytosis
19
Q

What is Aspergillus?

A
  • saprophytic
  • wide distribution
  • A.fumigatus most common species
  • respiraotry pathogen- aquired by spore inhalation
  • most common source: poor quality hay and compost heaps, contaminated bedding
20
Q

In what animals is aspergillus most commonly found?

A
  • poultry
21
Q

What clinical signs would you see in Aspergillus (aspergillosis)?

A
  • poultry - yellow nodules in lungs/airsacs = gasping, emaciation, death
  • horses - guttoral pouch mycosis = epistaxis, nasal discharge, dysphagia, laryngeal hemiplegia
  • dogs - nasal aspergillosis = sanguinopurulent nasal discharge, sneezing, epistaxis
22
Q

What type of infections do yeasts cause and where are they found?

A
  • opportunistic infections (live undetected until microbiome is affected)
  • found in environment, on plants or as commensals on skin/ mucous membranes
23
Q

Species of yeast?

A
  • Candida (C.albicans)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans
  • Malassezia pachydermatis
  • Trichosporon- rare
24
Q

What type of yeast has caused this and what are its features?

A
  • candida albicans
  • commensal of GIT and urogenital tracts
  • yeast form -> hyphal form in body
  • overgrowth causes clinical signs
  • e.g. thrush, stomatitis, enteritis, cystitis
25
Q

What type of yeast caused this and what are its features?

A
  • cryptococcus neoformans
  • bird droppings most common source
  • cells inhaled in contaminated dust
  • granuloma formation
  • sporadic cases in dogs and cats (more common in cats)
  • nasal and skin lesions
26
Q

What yeast is shown here and what are its features?

A
  • Malassezia pachydermatis
  • commensals
  • like areas rich in sebaceous glands (e.g. ear canal, lip folds)
  • dogs most common
  • overgrowth causes clinical signs
27
Q

What yeast infection is shown and what are the clinical signs?

A
  • malassezia pachydermatis
  • (canine seborrheic dermatitis)
  • itching, erythema
28
Q

What is this clinically presenting? and what are the clinical signs?

A
  • canine otitis externa
  • dark pungent discharge
  • swollen red ear canal
  • intense itching
29
Q

What is Histoplasma?

A
  • associated with bird/bat droppings
  • spores usually enter host via respiratory route
  • mould (filamentous) form -> yeast form in host
  • granulomatous lesions (nodules)
  • mimics TB
    • H.capsulatum - cat/dog resp disease/emaciation
    • H.farciminosum - causes epizootic lymphanitis in horses
30
Q

How would you diagnose a fungal disease?

A
  • hair/ skin scrapings
  • biopsy/ PM for subcut, systemic
    • culture- dermatophytes slow growing (2-4wks)
    • microscopy/histophathology (KOH used to digest keratin)
    • API 32C - yeast tests using cultural material
    • PCR

FD1 (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions