Neophrology

Question 1

CT 4610
Causes of Pluritis 
kidney failure>>>pale / Anemia  / Skin Pigmentation 
liver failure>>>yellow / Jaundice 
polycythemia>>>Red / Hypercythaemia

Answer 1

The more appropriate answer here is chronic renal failure and not liver failure - if it was liver failure jaundice would be present - here they mention increased skin pigmentation - note that it is not the same as hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice/yellowing of the skin) - it is infact increased pigmentation of the skin which is commonly seen in chronic kidney disease patients. Also if it was liver failure, there must be other cardinal symptoms such as bleeding, ascites(usually massive, if it is liver failure ) , and confusion(confusion mainly due to hepatic encephalopathy). Here the better answer is CKD

Question 2

IgA of APSGN

Answer 2

IgA (berger) GMN- 1 or 2 DAYS
post URTI: hematuria++++ young males

Post Strep GMN- 1 or 2 WEEKS
post URTI: protenuria+++

Low complement ie C3
Renal biopsy= humps on EM both caused by Group A beta heamolytic strep both are self limiting

Question 3

NE 1013

TTP or HUS
Lool out for CNS signs

Answer 3

HUS and TTP share the triad of (hemolysis, uremia-AKI- and Thrombocytopenia). However, TTP shows more significant (CNS) symptoms + (FEVER). - Other points: TTP usually in adults while HUS in young children. Also, platelets in TTP is veeeery low (around 35)

Question 3

NE 1013

TTP or HUS
Lool out for CNS signs

Answer 3

HUS and TTP share the triad of (hemolysis, uremia-AKI- and Thrombocytopenia). However, TTP shows more significant (CNS) symptoms + (FEVER). - Other points: TTP usually in adults while HUS in young children. Also, platelets in TTP is veeeery low (around 35)

Question 4

To Get a Definitive Diagnosis of Poly cystic Kidney Disease

PCKD is a dilation of cell disease
in the Renal tubular cells and Also In the Aorta and Brain artery

Associated with Berry aneurysm and Aortic dilatation

Answer 4

Diagnosis of ADPKD is by US of bladder ureter and kidney

not by Genetic testing - only in kidney doners

Question 4

To Get a Definitive Diagnosis of Poly cystic Kidney Disease

PCKD is a dilation of cell disease
in the Renal tubular cells and Also In the Aorta and Brain artery

Associated with Berry aneurysm and Aortic dilatation

Answer 4

Diagnosis of ADPKD is by US of bladder ureter and kidney

not by Genetic testing - only in kidney doners

Question 5

ALL diabetic patients with confirmed (more than one test) microalbuminuria …. should take

Answer 5

ALL diabetic patients with confirmed (more than one test) microalbuminuria …. should take 1. ACEI (even normotensive) 2. Atorvastatin (even without lipid profile)

• metformin is CI if GFR <30 ** -
  if pt. has CKD + DM .the aim for BP< 130/80
• pt takes dual therapy for DM aim for Hb A1 is < 53

Question 6

Dialysis patient with tingling and numbness

Answer 6

Symptomatic / severe hypocalcemia ( below 1.9 mmol/L) needs to be treated with ca gluconate infusion… it’s fatal