Infectious disease Flashcards
Kaposi Sarcoma
HHV 8
One of the 7 Oncoviruses (Which can cause Cancer in People)
JEWISH / MEDITERRANEAN , HIV , AFRICA & IMMUNOSUPPRESION
> NO PAIN NO ITCH > RED,BLACK , BLUE PURPLE NODULE /PAPULE
GROWS SLOWLY
Red hue is due to the blood vessels leaking into the tumor (highly vascular)
diagnosis by :
- spindle cells on biopsy
- detection of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) from the virus.
Tx:
1. palliative; treat immunosuppression/
immunodef.
2. HAART in AIDs patient with KS
3. Radiotherapy/ cryotherapy
4. Surgery/ electrodessication with curretage
5. For widespread organ involvement - interferon-alpha, paclitaxel, liposomal anthracyclines.
IN 4240
Hoarseness and Dysphagia (Rare but can occur )
-Graves or thyroid CA will not cause cough + fever -
Bronchogenic CA has to be ass. with smoking -
IV drug users + low socioeconomic go more with TB
But TB lymph nodes should be Tender and Discrete
Gohn focus and Ceaseating Necrosis
Oral Thrush Vs Leukoplakia
Smoking is a risk factor for both Oral thrush and leukoplakia…
But oral thrush is more common
in case of leukoplakia, the words CANT BE RUBBED OFF will be present always in the stem…
Also leukoplakia is a premalignant condition, while
Oral candidiais occurs in presence of weakened immune system as in DM,HIV,PREGANCY, Steroid induced immunosuppression
Herpes virus
Varisella Zoster (Number ) Shingles - Reactivation of the Herpes - Unilateral Belt like below nipples
Ramsy hunt’s - 7 th nerve palsy + Ear involvement
Herpers Zoster Opthalmicus - 5th nerve Opthalmic involvement -
Hutchinson’s sign - tip of the nose vesicles - Greater risk of eye involvement
Kaposi Sarcoma (HHV 8 ) One of the seven OncoViruses
Candidiasis Oral suspension
Itrakonazol is reserved for Fluconazol-resistant cases and
so is Ketoconazol; as they have more drug interactions and higher hepatotoxicity.
Fluconazol is the first choice.
Strep pneumonia with daily a spoon of yellow sputum
Rusty sputum, herpes lebialis, lobar pneumonia» gram +ve diplococci strept pnemoniae
Strep pneumonia with daily a spoon of yellow sputum
Rusty sputum, herpes lebialis, lobar pneumonia» gram +ve diplococci strept pnemoniae
Bloody Diarrhoea
She(Shigella) ate Salmon(SALMONELLA) in Camp(CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI ) and get BLOODY DIARRHOEA
BLOODY Diarrhea
☆Camphylobacter: Greek kampylos(curved) bactron (rod) ,
grows at 37-42°c
☆Salmonella: poultry/eggs, flagella movement, rod shaped, lactose -ve, animal reservoir aswell
☆Shigella: non-motile, rod shaped, shiga toxin, lactose -ve, only human reservoir
☆Entamoeba (E) histolytica: contaminated food/water (feco-oral route) , anaerobic parasitic amoebozoan, liver abscess
☆Enterohemorhagic E-coli (O157:H7): Uncooked raw meat, HUS, shiga toxin released, supportive treatment, antibiotics can worsen/trigger HUS as more shiga toxin released from dying cells,
☆Yersinia enterocolitica: catalase +ve, urea +ve, non lactose fermenting, motile at 22-26°c, usually raw uncooked pork, day care cases, pseudoappendicitis
Cyto Megalo Virus
CMV 1.Encephalitis 2.Retinitis 3.Oesophagitis 4.Pneumonia 5.Hepatitis 6.Upper GI ulcers,colitis OWL EYE INCLUSION BODY ON BIOPSY MX:Ganciclovir
Chicken pox
according to recent change, its oral Acyclovir for imunocompromised patients (with or without VZ antibody). VZIG is for pregnancy less than 20 week (without VZ antibody )and for new borns.
Direct Observation Therapy for Which ppl
Homeless people
the NHS has special teams when it come to treating the homeless with severe infectious disease. they have allocated places for homeless called day center and specialist medical centers. this is to take care of homeless. so the homeless will sign in and out when its time for him to take his/her drugs. the public health ministry in the UK strongly recommends direct observe therapy for homeless.
Homeless people if Vitals unstable - then admission and isolation in Negative pressure Room
