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Musculoskeletal > Neonatal Presentations > Flashcards

Neonatal Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

What are common orthopaedic conditions found in neonates?

A 
Clavicle fracture 
Humerus fracture 
Obstetric brachial plexus injury 
Torticollis 
DDH 
Metatarsus adductus 
Club foot 
Calcaneovalgus
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2
Q

What are rare orthopaedic conditions found in neonates?

A

Congenital limb abnormalities
Tibial pseudoarthrosis
Clavicle pseudoarthrosis

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3
Q

What is the treatment for a neonatal clavicle or humeral fracture?

A

Arm under vest
Beware of skin maceration
Calpol

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4
Q

What is brachial plexus injury associated with?

A 
High birth weight 
shoulder dystocia 
Maternal diabetes 
Forceps delivery 
Clavicle fractures 
Prolonged labour
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5
Q

What is torticollis?

A

Shortening of SCM muscle

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6
Q

What is torticollis associated with?

A

Plagiocephaly
DDH
Metatarsus adductus

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7
Q

What are the risk factors for torticollis?

A

Breech or difficult delivery

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8
Q

What are the clinical signs and symptoms of torticollis?

A

Head is turned and tilted due to tight SCM

Lump often felt in muscle belly

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9
Q

What is the treatment for torticollis?

A

Physiotherapy
USS hips
Xray of C spine for congenital abnormalities

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10
Q

What is DDH?

A

Developmental hip dysplasia

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11
Q

What are the risk factors for DDH?

A 
Female 
First born 
Breech position 
Family history 
Oligo/twin
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12
Q

What are the investigations and tests for DDH?

A

Barlow
Ortolani
Galeazzi
USS

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13
Q

What are the treatment options for DDH?

A

Hip abduction brace

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14
Q

What is metatarsus adductus?

A

Inward deviation of metatarsal bones

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15
Q

What is the assessment for metatarsus adductus?

A

Hold heel in neutral and abduct the forefoot away from the midline of the foot
Observe the end position of the forefoot in relation to the hindfoot
Look for presence of medial crease

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16
Q

What is the treatment for metatarsus adductus?

A

Parental stretching
Refer to physio
Severe may need 2-4 weeks of serial casting

17
Q

What is calcaenovalgus?

A

Soft tissue contracture foot deformity characterised by excessively dorsiflexed hindfoot its some valgus

18
Q

What is the treatment for calcaneovalgus?

A

Self resolving
Passive stretching
Severe, 2 weeks of casting

19
Q

What are the clinical findings for club foot?

A

Mild limb length discrepancy
Muscle wasting
Smaller foot

20
Q

What is a positional club foot?

A

Intrauterine packing causes abnormal postural position that is entirely passively correctable but springs back

21
Q

What is a structural club foot?

A

True bone anatomical misalignment

22
Q

What is used to score the severity of club foot?

A

Piriani score

23
Q

What is the treatment for club foot?

A

Reassure and discharge (positional)

Serial casting 8 weeks (structural)

24
Q

What is congenital vertical talus?

A

Dorsal dislocation of the navicular on the talus

25
Q

What is the treatment for congenital vertical talus?

A

Reverse Ponsetti serial casting

Musculoskeletal (27 decks)

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