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Musculoskeletal > Joints, Synovial Fluid and Cartilage > Flashcards

Joints, Synovial Fluid and Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of joints?

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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2
Q

Where are some areas that fibrous joints are found?

A

Periodontal ligament
Cranial sutures
Interosseus membranes

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3
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary cartilaginous joints?

A

Primary joints only have hyaline cartilage

Secondary joints have hyaline and fibrocartilage

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4
Q

What is the term used to describe primary cartilaginous joints and where are they found?

A

Synchondrosis

Growth plates

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5
Q

What is the term used to describe secondary cartilaginous joints and where are they found?

A

Symphysis

Intervertebral discs

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6
Q

What are common features of synovial joints?

A

Articular discs
Ligaments
Bursae

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7
Q

What are the different types of synovial joints?

A 
Plane 
Hinge 
Pivot 
Saddle
Ball and socket 
Condylar (ellipsoid)
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8
Q

What is the present in the superficial/tangetial layer of articular cartilage?

A

Flattened chondrocytes that produce collagen and glycoproteins

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9
Q

What is present in the transitional layer of articular cartilage?

A

Round chondrocytes that produce proteoglycans such as aggrecan

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10
Q

What are glycoproteins?

A

Proteins to which oligosaccharide chains are attached

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11
Q

What are proteoglycans?

A

Proteins that are heavily glycosylated

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12
Q

What are glycosaminoglycans?

A

Long unbranched polysaccharides, which are highly polar and thus attract water

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13
Q

What is the function of type A synoviocytes?

A

Remove debris and contribute to synovial fluid production

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14
Q

What is the function of type B synoviocytes?

A

Main producer of synovial fluid

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15
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A

Nutrition of cartilage
Removal of waste products
Lubrication (less friction, less wear)

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16
Q

How does lubrication form a boundary?

A

Glycoproteins such as lubricin bind to receptors on articular surfaces to form a thin film

17
Q

How do hydrodynamics contribute to lubrication?

A

Surfaces kept apart by liquid pressure

Viscosity changes with load and velocity of movement

18
Q

What is weeping?

A

Fluid that is present in the cartilage is squeezed out into the synovial cavity to increase fluid volume

19
Q

What occurs to joints etc throughout the ageing process?

A

Viscosity of synovial fluid increases

Water content of cartilage decreases

Musculoskeletal (27 decks)

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