Anatomy of the Shoulder and Elbow Flashcards
What are the dorsal muscles?
Trapezius
Rhomboid
Lattissimus dorsi
What is the attachment and action of the serrates anterior muscle?
Attached to medial border of scapula
Protracts and stabilises the pectoral girdle
What is the movement of the glenohumeral rhythm?
Abduction of humerus
Upward rotation of scapula
What is the main action of the deltoid muscle?
Movement of arm at glenohumeral joint but chiefly abduction
What are the posterior short scapular muscles and what actions do they produce?
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major Abduction and lateral rotation
What are the anterior short scapular muscles and what actions do they produce?
Subscapularis
Medial rotation
What is the action of the triceps brachii?
Extension of arm and forearm
What is the attachment of the biceps brachii and what action does it produce?
Scapula to radius
Flexion and supination of forearm
What is the action of the brachialis muscle?
Elbow flexor
What movement is the ulna involved in?
Flexion and extension at elbow joint
What movement if the radius involved in?
Same as ulna but in addition moves around the ulna by articulating at the superior and inferior radioulnar joints
What muscles in the forearm produce pronation?
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
What is the function of the clavicle?
Strut to support shoulder
Protects brachial plexus and vessels
Attachment of muscles (trapezius, deltoid, pectoralis major, subclavius, SCM, sternohyoid)
What are the clavicle ligaments?
Acromio-clavicular ligament
Coraco-acromial ligament
Coraco-clavicular ligament
What is the function of the labrum?
Elevates the glenoid edge
Doubles the glenoid depth and increases surface area
Acts as a chock block limiting glenohumeral translation
What muscles comprise the rotator cuff?
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?
Protection and stability of capsule
Hold humerus head against glenoid cavity during shoulder movements
What are the main nerves associated with the shoulder?
Brachial plexus
Axillary nerve
Suprascapular nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
What is a main vessel associated with the shoulder?
Anterior humeral circumflex artery
What are common causes of axillary nerve injury?
Shoulder dislocation
Fracture surgical neck of humerus
What may be caused by axillary nerve injury?
Weakness of deltoid
Sensory loss in badge area
What muscles are responsible for shoulder flexion?
Pectoralis major
Coracobrachialis
Biceps
Deltoid (anterior part)
What muscles are responsible for shoulder extension?
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid (posterior part)
What muscles are responsible for shoulder abduction?
Deltoid (middle part)
Subscapularis
What muscles are responsible for shoulder adduction?
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
What muscles are responsible for medial rotation?
Teres major
Subscapularis
What muscles are responsible for lateral rotation?
Teres minor
Infraspinatus
What are the articulation points of the elbow?
Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
What are the elbow ligaments?
Ulnar collateral
Radial collateral
What are the attachments of the ulnar collateral ligament?
Medial epicondyle to corned process and olecranon
What are the attachments of the radial collateral ligament?
Extends from lateral epicondyle of humerus and blends with annular ligament
What muscles are responsible elbow flexion?
Brachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis
What muscles are responsible for elbow extension?
Triceps
Anconeus
Gravity
What are the radioulnar joints and what movements are the responsible for?
Superior and inferior uniaxial pivot (synovial)
Middle radioulnar syndesmosis (fibrous)
Pronation and supination
What is the annular ligament?
Strong fibrous band which encircles the radial head
What important nerves are associated with the elbow?
Radial nerve
Ulnar nerve
Medial nerve
What important vessels are associated with the elbow?
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
