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Musculoskeletal > Anatomy of the Shoulder and Elbow > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Shoulder and Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What are the dorsal muscles?

A

Trapezius
Rhomboid
Lattissimus dorsi

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2
Q

What is the attachment and action of the serrates anterior muscle?

A

Attached to medial border of scapula

Protracts and stabilises the pectoral girdle

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3
Q

What is the movement of the glenohumeral rhythm?

A

Abduction of humerus

Upward rotation of scapula

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4
Q

What is the main action of the deltoid muscle?

A

Movement of arm at glenohumeral joint but chiefly abduction

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5
Q

What are the posterior short scapular muscles and what actions do they produce?

A 
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus 
Teres minor 
Teres major 
Abduction and lateral rotation
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6
Q

What are the anterior short scapular muscles and what actions do they produce?

A

Subscapularis

Medial rotation

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7
Q

What is the action of the triceps brachii?

A

Extension of arm and forearm

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8
Q

What is the attachment of the biceps brachii and what action does it produce?

A

Scapula to radius

Flexion and supination of forearm

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9
Q

What is the action of the brachialis muscle?

A

Elbow flexor

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10
Q

What movement is the ulna involved in?

A

Flexion and extension at elbow joint

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11
Q

What movement if the radius involved in?

A

Same as ulna but in addition moves around the ulna by articulating at the superior and inferior radioulnar joints

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12
Q

What muscles in the forearm produce pronation?

A

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

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13
Q

What is the function of the clavicle?

A

Strut to support shoulder
Protects brachial plexus and vessels
Attachment of muscles (trapezius, deltoid, pectoralis major, subclavius, SCM, sternohyoid)

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14
Q

What are the clavicle ligaments?

A

Acromio-clavicular ligament
Coraco-acromial ligament
Coraco-clavicular ligament

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15
Q

What is the function of the labrum?

A

Elevates the glenoid edge
Doubles the glenoid depth and increases surface area
Acts as a chock block limiting glenohumeral translation

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16
Q

What muscles comprise the rotator cuff?

A

Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

17
Q

What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Protection and stability of capsule

Hold humerus head against glenoid cavity during shoulder movements

18
Q

What are the main nerves associated with the shoulder?

A

Brachial plexus
Axillary nerve
Suprascapular nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve

19
Q

What is a main vessel associated with the shoulder?

A

Anterior humeral circumflex artery

20
Q

What are common causes of axillary nerve injury?

A

Shoulder dislocation

Fracture surgical neck of humerus

21
Q

What may be caused by axillary nerve injury?

A

Weakness of deltoid

Sensory loss in badge area

22
Q

What muscles are responsible for shoulder flexion?

A

Pectoralis major
Coracobrachialis
Biceps
Deltoid (anterior part)

23
Q

What muscles are responsible for shoulder extension?

A

Teres major
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid (posterior part)

24
Q

What muscles are responsible for shoulder abduction?

A

Deltoid (middle part)

Subscapularis

25
Q

What muscles are responsible for shoulder adduction?

A

Pectoralis major

Latissimus dorsi

26
Q

What muscles are responsible for medial rotation?

A

Teres major

Subscapularis

27
Q

What muscles are responsible for lateral rotation?

A

Teres minor

Infraspinatus

28
Q

What are the articulation points of the elbow?

A

Humeroulnar

Humeroradial

29
Q

What are the elbow ligaments?

A

Ulnar collateral

Radial collateral

30
Q

What are the attachments of the ulnar collateral ligament?

A

Medial epicondyle to corned process and olecranon

31
Q

What are the attachments of the radial collateral ligament?

A

Extends from lateral epicondyle of humerus and blends with annular ligament

32
Q

What muscles are responsible elbow flexion?

A

Brachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis

33
Q

What muscles are responsible for elbow extension?

A

Triceps
Anconeus
Gravity

34
Q

What are the radioulnar joints and what movements are the responsible for?

A

Superior and inferior uniaxial pivot (synovial)
Middle radioulnar syndesmosis (fibrous)
Pronation and supination

35
Q

What is the annular ligament?

A

Strong fibrous band which encircles the radial head

36
Q

What important nerves are associated with the elbow?

A

Radial nerve
Ulnar nerve
Medial nerve

37
Q

What important vessels are associated with the elbow?

A

Brachial artery
Radial artery
Ulnar artery

Musculoskeletal (27 decks)

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