Anatomy of Lower Leg, Ankle and Foot Flashcards
What type of joint is the ankle?
Hinge joint
At what point is malleolar grip the strongest?
Dorsiflexion
What position is the ankle joint most unstable
Plantar flexion
What is the function of the deltoid ligament?
Stabilises the joint during eversion
What muscles are responsible for dorsiflexion?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Peroneus or fibular tertius
What muscles are responsible for plantar flexion?
Gastronemius Soleus Assisted by plantaris, Fibialis posterior Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus
What is a Post fracture?
Dislocation of ankle
What nerve is affected in tarsal tunnel syndrome?
Tibial nerve compression, deep to flexor retinacula
What muscles are responsible for inversion?
Tibialis anterior and posterior
What muscles are responsible for eversion?
Fibularis lotus and brevis
How is the integrity of the foot arches maintained?
Shape of the united bones Plantar aponeurosis Long and short plantar ligaments Spring ligament Intrinsic muscles of the foot
What tendons form the achilles tendon?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
What is the pathogenesis of cavovarus feet?
Weakness of intrinsic muscles - clawing of toes
‘Plunger-effect’ by proximal phalanges - plantarflexion of MT’s – also ‘overaction’ of peroneus longus
Weakness of peroneus brevis - hindfoot varus
Weakness of tibialis anterior - equinus
Overpull of tibialis posterior - adduction of forefoot
What are the clinical manifestations of cavovarus feet?
Clawing of toes and plantarflexion of metatarsals- plantar callosities and shoe problems
Ankle instability
Altered gait
Stress fractures of lateral metatarsals
What is the Coleman block test?
Patient stands with 1st ray hanging over the edge of the block
If hindfoot varus corrects, then it is compensating for a rigidly plantarflexed 1st ray
