Neonatal Jaundice Flashcards

1
Q

When see jaundice in sclera?

A

Around 40

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2
Q

When see jaundice in skin?

A

Around 80

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3
Q

Factors in neonatal jaundice to consider?

A

Lighting
Skin colour
Thin sclera
Red skin when in baby

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4
Q

Saturation of babies in utero?

A

50-60% , which is why they’re blue when born

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5
Q

Reference range of bilirubin in adults

A

Less than 20

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6
Q

How long does RBC live for in baby?

A

60 days

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7
Q

Bilirubin cycle?

A

Haem-bilirubin-albumin-liver cell-defecate

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8
Q

Why bilirubin unconjugated in fetus?

A

Because if conjugated, can’t cross placenta.

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9
Q

Normal bilirubin level in fetus?

A

30-40

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10
Q

how many babies get Hyperbilirubinaemia?

A

100%

Jaundice is different

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11
Q

Brain damage from hyperbilirubinaemia affects what parts?

A

Basal ganglia and other gray matter areas

Athetoid CP

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12
Q

Athetoid CP, IQ?

A

Not affected

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13
Q

When worry about bilirubin levels in fetus? Threshold?

A

Greater than 340

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14
Q

When does biliary atresia occur?

A

Not right at birth

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15
Q

Jaundice in first 24 hours?

A

BIG TROUBLE.

Haemolysis

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16
Q

Number 1 cause of haemolysis?

A

Antibodies - Rhesus D
ABO - usually doesn’t because IgM,
Coombs +ve. If IgG

17
Q

What test to see how many fetal cells in maternal blood?

A

Kleihauer Test

18
Q

Why is Kell so dangerous?

A

Expressed early, around 16 weeks

19
Q

Why is “c” antibodies important in testing?

A

Usually not tested in Rhesus tests. Need different test

20
Q

Hydrops

A

Thick, oedema, pulmonary oedema,

21
Q

If fetal Anaemia, how to treat?

A

Fetal transfusion

Delivery (depending on gestation)

22
Q

2 tests important in preg blood

A

Blood group

Indirect anti-globulin test

23
Q

G6PD, who’s likely to get it?

A

Males

X-linked

24
Q

What triggers G6PD?

A

Aspirin
Antimalarials
Moth balls: naphthalene - inhaled/transdermal, clothes or bedding

25
What racial groups in G6PD?
Equatorial
26
Membrane defects
Hereditary spherocytosis
27
Hereditary spherocytosis what genetics?
Autosomal dominant
28
Haemolysis, what to test?
``` ABO Enzymes: G6PD Membrane: HS Blood Group: Direct antibodies(on cell) Blood film: reticulocyte count ```
29
What causes liver damage in neonate?
``` Galactesaemia CF TPN Hepatitis Biliary atresia ```
30
Newborn screening tests?
CF PKU Thyroid (only TSH)
31
Another less common cause of haemolysis for later cause of jaundice?
Sneaky Sepsis (UTI)
32
What else can affect physiological jaundice severity?
Dehydration: under feeding | Birth trauma
33
Rx of neonatal jaundice?
Phototherapy - blue light - isomerizes and allow excretion, protect their eyes. Exchange transfusion
34
How to check for dehydration in neonate reliably?
Weight them
35
Exchange transfusion is?
replace ALL the blood TWICE.
36
Exchange transfusion blood bank, pH is? What to watch out for?
pH6.8 Big acid load, VQ mismatch, P02 drops, Need to give 02 and calcium(counter citrate in blood bags)
37
Baby at 12 hours has bilirubin at 300 in the country hospital? What to do?
TRANSFER the baby. Throw phototherapy at it ASAP do blood groups and Coombs