Dysmenorrhoea Flashcards

1
Q

What is dyschezia?

A

Pain with defecation

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2
Q

What is Mittelschmertz?

A

Mid cycle pain, usu ovulation

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3
Q

How many women experience pelvic pain?

A

1 in 5 women experience chronic pelvic pain

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4
Q

Causes of primary dysmenorrhoea?

A

2ndary to prostaglandin release

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5
Q

Causes of secondary dysmenorrhoea?

A

Endometriosis
Adenomyosis
Intracavity mass
Isolated endometrial pocket

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6
Q

What causes superficial dyspareunia? (Introitis)

A

Thrush
Atrophic vaginitis
Dermatitis
Vestibulodynia

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7
Q

vEstibulodynia?

A

Nerves near hymen are sensitized(eg.thrush), get hyperalgesia/allodynia

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8
Q

Deep dypareunia causes?

A

And extrinsic
Adenomyosis
Adhesions
Ovarian cysts

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9
Q

Midway dypareunia causes?

A

Pelvic floor
-spasm
Trigger points

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10
Q

dypareunia examination?

A

Cotton bud prodding

  • painful?
  • does it reproduce the same pain as dypareunia
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11
Q

dypareunia examination bimanual?

A

Check all walls of vagina, the walls of bowel, ovaries
Cervix, uterus balloting

Pouch of Douglas

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12
Q

When is mid cycle pain?

A

D10-14

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13
Q

Ask what for nonmenstrual pelvic pain?

A

Ask Cyclical Pattern!

Beware of drugs

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14
Q

Who gets endometriosis?

A

10-15% of women reproductive
60-70% with cyclical pelvic pain
30-40% women with infertility

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15
Q

Does dysmenorrhoea correlate with endometriosis?

A

Not necessarily

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16
Q

Theories of endometriosis cause?

A
Retrograde menses
-risk factors for implantation
Coelom if metaplasia
CongeniTal
Iatrogenic
Metastatic spread
Direct spread
17
Q

Coelomic metaplasia

A

Menstrual fluid, not endometrial cells, causes changes in peritoneum to change

18
Q

Presentation of endometriosis?

A
  • Asymptomatic: incidental finding
  • cyclical pain
  • provoked pain: dyspareunia
  • infertility
19
Q

endometriosis beware?

A

Symptom severity and disease severity does NOT correlate

20
Q

Signs of endometriosis?

A
Lower Abdo pain
PV pain, lateral fornices 
Uterus is 'fixed'
Palpable adenexa L mass
Palpable nodule
21
Q

endometriosis diagnosis ultrasound?

A

Better at picking up cysts

Now can see on bowel.

22
Q

What is gold standard for endometriosis?

A

Laparoscopy

23
Q

Where do you see endometriosis usually?

A

Pouch of Douglas

near ovaries

24
Q

Classic endometriosis looks?

A

Black spots, could be white, or red

25
endometriosis Rx options?
``` What has been done? Do you plan to become pregnant? Do nothing Analgesics (not narcotics) Suppress hormones: OCP, Progestins ```
26
What to tell patients with endometriosis?
It's not fatal
27
What to tell patient re: endometriosis Rx?
May not fix the pain
28
Surgery options for endometriosis?
Ablate or excise (80%) improved symptoms Radical: remove organs MAY not fix pain.
29
Treating endometriosis infertility?
``` Check other causes NO DRUGS Surgery: remove Cysts if >3cm REmove hydrosalpinges IVF - early move it need be -Plan preg sooner rather than later ```
30
Classic signs of Adenomyosis
Bulky uterus | Uterus tender on bimanual palpation
31
adenomyosis gold standard Dx?
Histology, hysterectomy sample
32
Risk factors for adenomyosis?
Age Older | More gravidarum/parity
33
adenomyosis Rx?
- Do nothing - Benign condition - Drugs: NSAIDS, OCP, progestin - Mirena - hysterectomy
34
Primary dysmenorrhoea classic history
Gets better as increase: Age Parity OCP