Fetal Physiology

Question 1

Where is most energy to fetus comes as?

Answer 1

• Glucose 50%
• Stored as glycogen starting at 36 weeks.
• Amino acids
• lactate
• acetate (Krebs)

Question 2

Water content in newborn compared to preterm?

Answer 2

Less ECF
More ICF
More fat

Question 3

Preterm baby allowed to lose how much weight at birth?

Answer 3

15%

Question 4

How many umbilical veins/arteries?

Answer 4

1 vein

2 arteries

Question 5

Fetal circulation:

Answer 5

Umbilical vein>ductus venous>IVC>RA>foramen Ovale>LA>LV>aorta

Anything that goes into RV and Pulmonary artery shunts to the aorta via Dustus arteriosus

Aorta to Internal iliacs>umbilical arteries

Question 6

How to detect acidosis in fetus?

Answer 6

Fetal scalp lactate

Question 7

In first breath

Answer 7

• Placenta removed
• Shunts close
• Pulmonary resistanceDrops dramatically
  4. Parallel > series

Question 8

P50 adult Hb is?

Answer 8

27mmHg

Question 9

P50 fetal Hb O2?

Answer 9

20mmHg
More affinity: takes O2 from mom
-Alpha and Gamma

Question 10

Fetal O2 sats in utero?

Answer 10

~lower, relative hypoxia

Question 11

Normal colour born?

Answer 11

Blue

Question 12

Born white?

Answer 12

Anaemia

Asphyxia

Question 13

Baby’s arts hit 90-100% when?

Answer 13

5 minutes

Question 14

Haemoglobin of newborns?

Answer 14

~160

Nadir at 6weeks.

Question 15

Patent ductus arteriosus why?

Answer 15

Giving O2 to babies, O2 closes, NSAIDS, panadol closes

Prostaglandin to keep it open

Question 16

When alveoli develop?

Answer 16

~22 weeks

Question 17

Fetal lung liquid is?

Answer 17

Made in lung

Question 18

How is fetal lung liquid production stopped?

Answer 18

Switched off by adrenaline

Question 19

C-section for fetal lungs?

Answer 19

Risk of transient tachypnoea of newborn/ Wet Lung

Question 20

How is fetal lung fluid Ex pulsed?

Answer 20

Birth canal squeezed out
Lymphatic absorption
Pulmonary circulation

Question 21

Effect of oligohydraminios?

Answer 21

Underdevelopment of lungs

Question 22

Asphyxia in utero, consequences?

Answer 22

Myconeum aspiration

Question 23

Surfactant

Answer 23

Reduces surface tension
Lipoprotein complex
DPPC - hydrophilic and phobic ends, they repel each other keeping it open

Question 24

Hyaline membrane syndrome/ RDS?

Answer 24

Not enough surfactant

Question 25

Stimuli to breath?

Answer 25

Light
Cold -face
Physical stim
Movement of air
position
Pain
Noises
Visual

Question 26

What is head’s paradoxical reflex? Positive pressure

Answer 26

Mask onto newborns times breathing.

Mask on adult, you stop breathing.

Question 27

Polyhydramnios consequences. If not swallowing, why?

Answer 27

Esophageal atresia
Neurological probs
Fistula, tracheo

Question 28

If fetus has renal a Genesis then?

Answer 28

Oligohydraminios

Question 29

What is Potter’s Syndrome?

Answer 29

Renal agenesis>Oligohydramnios>less lung development

Can’t survive