Neonatal Anesthesia Flashcards
Most commonly used anesthetics in children
Inhaled anesthetics
Most common comorbidity in children who present for surgery
Upper respiratory tract infections
Caution should be exercised when anesthetizing infants (<1 year of age) with recent colds (respiratory syncytial and other viruses may be latent) and children with colds in the preceding 2 weeks as the rate of perioperative complications is increased.
Surgery should be rescheduled if any one of the following signs complicates a current infection (
1) Fever (>38.5°C)
2) The child has not been behaving normally (e.g., lack of appetite)
3) Purulent, green secretions
4) Lower respiratory tract signs (e.g., wheezing that does not clear with a deep cough)
Obstructive sleep apnea in children differs from adults in that _____ and ______ are the primary cause of sleep apnea in the former.
1) Large tonsils
2) Adenoids
The first 72 hours are especially significant for the
______, __________, __________ systems.
cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal systems
Less than 10% of the combined cardiac output goes
through the fetal pulmonary circulation via three main shunts; through the ________, ______ and _________.
Placenta, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus
Although the change in the irst minutes to hours is
dramatic, it usually takes __ to ___days for the pulmonary vascular resistance to decrease to normal levels.
3 to 4 days
The foramen ovale will usually functionally close in the _____ as the increase in left atrial pressure from increased pulmonary circulation after the initiation of breathing exceeds right atrial pressure.
first hour of life
The ductus arteriosus starts to close in the _____ and is usually functionally closed in the ____.
first day of life
second day of life
In a full-term neonate, ____ is the most important factor controlling ductal closure.
oxygen
The pulmonary system has not matured enough to provide adequate gas exchange until about ___ to ___ weeks AOG
24 to 26 AOG
The airways and alveoli continue to grow after birth, with alveoli increasing in number until about ____ years of age
8 years of age
By ___ to ___ minutes of life, the newborn has achieved its near-normal functional residual capacity (FRC), and the blood gases stabilize with the establishment of increased pulmonary blood low.
10 to 20 minutes
