Capnography

Question 1

Is the most common method of CO2 analysis.

Answer 1

Infrared absorption

Question 2

A device that aspirates gas (typically 50 to 250 ml/min), usually from the Y-piece of the circuit, and transport the gas via small-bore tubing to the analyzer.

Answer 2

Sidestream devices

Question 3

What are the waveforms of a capnograph?

Answer 3

A,B,C,D,E

Question 4

Phases of a capnogram?

Answer 4

1) A-B initial stage of exhalation (dead space gas)
2) B mixing of alveolar gas with dead space gas
3) C-D expiratory or alveolar plateau, alveolar gas
4) D best reflection of alveolar CO2, and is known as ETCO2
5) D-E patient inspires

Question 5

Which point is the ETCO2 located in a capnogram?

Answer 5

D

Question 6

The baseline of the capnogram may not return to zero at high respiratory rates. However, if the baseline is elevated more than approximately 2 mm Hg CO2, the patient is receiving CO2 during inspiration, often termed?

Answer 6

Rebreathing

Question 7

Alveolar carbon dioxide partial pressures and PaCO2 normally differ by about ___ mmHg, the small difference caused mostly by alveolar dead space

Answer 7

5

Question 8

What processes can change the usual configuration of the waveform?

Answer 8

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases cause a delayed upslope and steep alveolar plateau.

Question 9

This characteristic sign in the alveolar plateau is a useful clinical sign indicating that the patient has started to breathe.

Answer 9

Cleft