Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Personality & Individual Differences > Neo-Freudian Theorists > Flashcards

Neo-Freudian Theorists Flashcards

1
Q

THE NEO-ANALYTIC MOVEMENT: WESTEN

A

DREW WESTEN (1990)
- active proponent of contemporary psychoanalysis
- many of Freud’s ideas did not stand test of time
- some have aka. incorporated into contemporary psychoanalysis version
- modern psychoanalysis = built upon ideas inspired by Freud BUT modified/advanced by others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

THE NEO-ANALYTIC MOVEMENT

A
  • contemporary views continue to recognise importance of early development to personality formation BUT focus on childhood/adult relationships > id/ego/superego conflict
  • cognitive unconscious = very dif from motivated unconscious described by Freud
  • priming = unconscious beh influence example (bounded/rule-governed/specific)
  • defence mechanisms retained/developed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CARL JUNG (1875-1961)

A
  • Freudian dissenter
  • analytic psychology; individual goals/motivations = just as important in determining life courses as sexual/aggressive drives
  • teleological personality view; it develops throughout life influenced by future goals/past; end-point = self-realisation
  • dominated by opposites principle; human experience consists of polarities that oppose/balance each other
  • unconscious/universal archetypes
  • extravert/introvert personality types
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ERIK ERIKSON (1902-1994)

A
  • emphasised social > sexual development
  • lasting contribution = identity notion as important developmental achievement in personality
    REAPPRAISAL OF THE EGO
  • teleological approach (ego works -> goals)
  • ego’s main job = establish/maintain identity sense
    PERSONALITY ACROSS LIFESPAN
  • identity crisis = focal point for each development stage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ALFRED ADLER (1870-1937)

A
  • individual psychology
  • didn’t accept Freud’s personality model as compromising of competing structures; saw essential unity in personality
  • human motivations = ^ complex > Freud (sex/pleasure); firmly believed teleological/goal-directedness human nature importance
  • stressed importance of social context in personality development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

KAREN HORNEY (1885-1952)

A
  • feminine psychology
  • altered how psych views gender difs
  • disagreed w/Freud’s view on women; countered w/penis envy aka. penis = social power > organ women desire
  • disagreed w/belief that males/females born w/inherent personality difs; argued for societal/cultural explanation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

FREUDIAN DISSENTERS’ DISAGREEMENTS

A

NEGATIVITY
CHILDHOOD
THE UNCONSCIOUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

NEGATIVITY ARGUMENT

A
  • pessimistic/deterministic human nature picture
  • people largely controlled by instincts/unconscious forces
  • later theorists emphasised teleological explanations; beh = goal directed > biologically/unconsciously determined
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CHILDHOOD ARGUMENT

A
  • Freud said most adult personality = shaped by early childhood experiences
  • Neo-Freudians argue that later adolescent/adulthood experiences = also important in shaping personality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

THE UNCONSCIOUS ARGUMENT

A
  • Freud overemphasised unconscious/instinctual influences on personality
  • Neo-Freudian theorists incorporate social/cultural influences
  • cognitive unconscious = quite dif from Freudian motivated unconscious
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

JUNG: ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY

A
  • mind divided in 3:
    1. CONSCIOUS EGO
  • similar to Freud’s
    2. PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS
  • grows via own unique experiences
    3. COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS
  • made of archetypes
  • prehistoric inherited unconscious content passed on from previous gens; contains collected primordial archetypes common across the species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

JUNG: THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

A
  • made of archetypes aka. emotional symbols/primordial images inherited from ancestors
  • collective unconscious influences personality as archetypes = inherited tendencies/emotional patterns predisposing us to view external world in certain way
  • include: mother/father/God/snakes/animus/anima/persona/the shadow/the self/death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

JUNG: THE ARCHETYPES EXPLAINED

A

ANIMUS
- the masculine female
ANIMA
- the feminine male
PERSONA/MASK
- compromise between true self/society expectations
SHADOW
- unconscious negative/dark personality
SELF
- unifying part of us all; balance
- works w/ego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

JUNG: PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY CONTRIBUTION

A
  • collective unconscious/archetype ideas not literally accepted as unconscious representations of ancestors but naturally born instincts
  • shared view w/evolutionary theory of not being born blank slates; enter world w/predispositions inherited from past gens (evolved psychological mechanisms)
  • extraversion-introversion personality trait theory resulted in Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator (widely used personality inventory)
  • influenced Eysenck etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

EGO PSYCHOLOGY

A
  • major modification to psychoanalysis concerns change in focus from id -> ego
  • ego = “I” of a person
  • Freud focused on id (esp. sex/aggression); later theorists felt ego deserved more attention as performed many constructive functions
  • Anna Freud focused on ego strengths defending person from anxiety
  • Erikson emphasised ego = powerful/independent personality part involved in mastering environment/achieving goals/establishing identity
  • Horney emphasised cultural/social influences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ERIKSON: EGO PSYCH & IDENTITY CRISIS

A
  • 8 stages of psychosocial development
  • crisis/conflict occurs at each stage
  • how we resolve each conflict determines direction of personality development
  • each stage characterised by 2 dif ways to resolve identity crisis:
    1. MALADAPTIVE
    2. ADAPTIVE
17
Q

ERIKSON: PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT STAGES & THEIR CONFLICTS

A

INFANCY
- trust VS mistrust
EARLY CHILDHOOD
- autonomy VS shame/doubt
PRESCHOOL
- initiative VS guilt
SCHOOL
- industry VS inferiority
ADOLESCENCE
- identity VS role confusion
YOUNG ADULTHOOD
- intimacy VS isolation
ADULTHOOD
- generativity VS stagnation
OLD AGE
- ego integrity VS despair

18
Q

ADLER: INFERIORITY

A
  • we all begin life w/sense of inferiority
  • strove throughout life to overcome inferiority sense
  • striving for superiority = motivating life force
  • if unsuccessful -> inferiority complex
  • well-adjusted people express striving for superiority via social interest concern
19
Q

ADLER: BIRTH ORDER

A
  • research examining birth order effects doesn’t oft support Adler; far more complex than suggested
  • order in which you’re born to family inherently affects personality
    FIRST BORN
  • firstborns who later have siblings = worst fate
  • “dethroned monarchs”
    MIDDLE
  • easiest BUT depends on elder sibling’s reaction
    YOUNGEST
  • ^ likely to experience personality problems during adulthood
  • forever pampered; indulged baby of family
20
Q

ADLER: PARENTING

A
  • 2 parenting styles that can cause adulthood problems via “neurotic personality” path:
    1. PAMPERING
  • overprotecting
  • child ill equipped to deal w/reality
  • may doubt abilities
    2. NEGLECT
  • not protected from world; forced to face life’s struggles alone
  • may fear world
  • may have strong sense of mistrust for others -> difficulty forming intimate relationships
21
Q

PARENTING: COMTEMPORARY APPROACHES

A
  • 2 main parenting behaviour dimensions:
    1. SUPPORT/RESPONSIVENSS
    2. CONTROL/DEMANDINGNESS
  • 4 parenting styles:
    1. AUTHORITATIVE
  • high support/control
    2. AUTHORITARIAN
  • low support; high control
    3. NEGLECTFUL
  • low support/control
    4. PERMISSIVE
  • high support; low control
22
Q

PARENTING STYLE & DEVELOPMENT

A

AUTHORITATIVE
- facilitates kid’s social/academic/personal competencies development
NEGLECTFUL
- associated w/negative outcomes ie. low self-esteem/delinquency/drug abuse
AUTHORITATIVE/PERMISSIVE
- assume intermediary position

23
Q

HORNEY: FEMININE PSYCHOLOGY

A
  • among first to stress cultural/social determinants of personality
  • many gender roles defined by culture
  • made important distinction; while bio determines sex, culture determines gender
  • developed major psychoanalysis reconceptualisation which stressed social influences > bio; gave attention to interpersonal processes in mental disorder creation/maintenance
24
Q

HORNEY: PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP

A
  • emphasised importance of parent-child relationships/parenting
  • adult personality/behaviour oft represent attempts to deal w/basic anxiety aka. disturbances in child’s relationship w/parents
  • basic anxiety consequence caused via poor parenting = “real self” alienation
25
Q

HORNEY: ASPECTS OF THE SELF

A

IDEAL SELF
- moulded by perceived inadequacies
DESPISED SELF
- caused by poor parenting
- based on others’ negative evaluations of us
REAL SELF
- inner personality core
- healthy personality = result of warm/loving/consistent parenting

26
Q

HORNEY: NEUROSIS & RELATIONSHIPS

A
  • neurosis = maladaptive/counterproductive way to deal w/relationships
  • 3 neurotic styles each associated w/dif coping strategies for dealing w/basic anxiety/neurosis
  • healthy personality adopts all 3 styles as appropriate -> adaptable/flexible nature
27
Q

HORNEY: 3 NEUROSTIC PERSONALITY STYLES

A

PASSIVE
- moving toward people
- intense need to be liked/accepted by others
AGGRESSIVE
- moving against people
- demanding/selfish/forceful/cruel
WITHDRAWN
- moving away from people
- indifference to others to protect from hurt

28
Q

OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY: EXTENDED

A

FREUD, A., KLEIN & WINNICOTT
- expanded aspects of Freud’s personality theory:
- superego develops from identifications made in childhood w/important people
- through transference mechanism people repeat psych patterns learnt in childhood in new relationships
- emphasise importance of each childhood experiences/interpersonal relations (esp. mother/child) in personality
- self = socially constructed via interpersonal interactions > emerging naturally via biology
- object relations theorists move away from individual inner psyche -> relations w/others
- essence of who we are cannot be understood w/o significant others

29
Q

OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY

A
  • object = person
  • object relations = mental representations of significant others
  • child develops unconscious inner representation of significant objects in environment
  • how child internalises parent’s image w/attachment kind to parents influences ability to develop meaningful attachments w/partners as adults
  • springboard for Bowlby’s attachment theory
30
Q

SCIENTIFIC STATUS OF THE PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY

A
  • most research doesn’t explicitly test is BUT much is of relevance
    STEPHEN PINKER (1997)
  • cognitive psych provided much evidence showing that most of mind = unconscious
  • mind is made of “mental modules”
    WESTEN (1990)
  • character traits associated w/anal (ie. stinginess/orderliness/rigidity)/oral (ie. smoking/biting nails/sucking thumb) personality are correlated
31
Q

! NEO-FREUDIAN APPROACHES: SUMMARY !

A
  • Neo-Freudians revised Freudian theory to understand society/culture/gender difs/lifespan development
  • developed it to deal w/emerging insights into social self/social world identity as well as personal
  • many ideas ie. inferiority complex/psychic archetypes/mastery striving/sibling rivalries/basic anxiety/mother-infant relations permeate modern child-rearing/family/human nature ideas
32
Q

WESTEN’S 5 PROPOSITIONS

A

WESTEN (1998_)
- reviewed large research; proposed 5 firmly established beliefs (not accepted by all):
1. Much of mental life = unconscious.
2. Mind does many things at once; conflict in itself; beh reflects compromises in conflicts between mental processes ie. emotions/motivations/thoughts.
3. Childhood events = important in shaping adult personality esp. attachments/social relations.
4. Relations formed w/significant others (ie. parents) form patterns that repeat in life w/others.
5. Psych development involved not just regulating sexual/aggressive feeling but moving from immature/self-centered/socially dependent relatability -> mature/independent style.

Personality & Individual Differences (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions