NEMATODES (ROUNDWORMS) Flashcards by Queen Alcaraz

Cylindrical, unsegmented, bilaterally symmetrical bodies

nematodes

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produce unembryonated eggs (undergo external embryonation/outside uterus)

ociparous

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oviparous nematodes

A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, Hookworms

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produce embryonated eggs (internal embryonation)

ovo-viviparous

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examples of ovoviviparous nematodes

E. vermicularis, S. stercoralis

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do not lay eggs; produce larvae

T. spiralis, Filarial worms, D. medinensis, D, immitis (Dog filaria)

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cephalic chemoreceptors present in all nematodes

amphids

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caudal chemoreceptors

phasmids

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phasmids are absent in ____

Trichiuris, Trichinella, Capillaria spp (aphasmideans)

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nematodes in the small intestine

CASH
- C. philippinensis
- A. lumbricoides
- S. stercoralis
- Hookworms

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nematodes in the large intestine

E. vermicularis, T. trichiura

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Extraintestinal nematode

T. spiralis, Filarials, D. medinensis, agents of larva migrans

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produces significant clinical manifestations

T. spiralis

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most common cause of helminth infection in the world

E. vermicularis

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third most common roundworm of humans

T. trichiura

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largest intestinal nematode

A. lumbricoides

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blood sucking nematodes

hookworms

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parasitic females are parthenogenetic

S. stercoralis

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females produce two types of eggs

C. philippinensis

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easily transmitted hand to mouth; eggs are already embryonated

E. vermicularis

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Unholy three

ASH
- A. lumbricoides
- S. stercoralis
- Hookworms

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most common soil transmitted helminths/geohelminths

ASH
- A. lumbricoides
- S. stercoralis
- Hookworms

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may cause internal autoinfection

S. stercoralis
C. philippinensis

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infective stage of S. stercoralis

filariform larvae

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diagnostic stage

rhabditiform larvae

true or false dogs may also serve as definitive host of S. stercoralis

true

diagnostic stage of C. philippinensis

unembryonated, thick shelled eggs

infective stage C. philippinensis

infective larvae

MOT of C. philippinensis

ingestion of raw or undercooked infected fish

2 types of eggs of C. philippinensis

1. unembryonated eggs passed in feces 2. embryonated eggs lacking shells (hatch inside definitive host)

common name of E. vermicularis

Pinworm/seatworm

common name of T. trichiura

Whipworm

common name of A. lumbricoides

Giant intestinal roundworm

common name of N. americanus

New World Hookworm

common name of A. duodenale

Old World Hookworm

common name of A. ceylanicum

Zoonotic Hookworm

common name of S. stercoralis

Threadworm

common name of C. philippinensis

Pudoc Worm

diagnostic stage of E. vermicularis

embryonated eggs (immediately infective)

diagnostic stage of T. trichiura

unembryonated eggs

diagnostic stage of A. lumbricoides

fertilized and unfertilized eggs

diagnostic stage of N. americanus, A. duodenale, A. ceylanicum

unembryonated eggs

diagnostic stage of S. stercoralis

Rhabditirform larvae

diagnostic stage of C. philippinensis

unembryonated eggs

MOT of E. vermicularis

hand to mouth or inhalation

MOT of T. trichiura

ingestion of embryonated eggs from contaminated sources

MOT of: N. americanus A. duodenale A. ceylanicum Strongyloides stercoralis

skin penetration by filariform larvae

MOT of C. philippinensis

ingestion of infective larvae from fish

true or false eggs of E. vermicularis are immediately infective

true

larvae does not undergo lung migration

T. trichiura

larvae undergo lung migration

A. lumbricoides N. americanus A. duodenale A. ceylanicum Strongyloides stercoralis

intermediate host of C. philippinensis

Fish

causes true clinical manifestation in man when infected

A. ceylanicum

almost never found in feces

S. stercoralis

test for S. stercoralis

entero test

D-shaped, lopsided, planoconvex

E. vermicularis

50-60 um x 20-30 um; colorless; contain a fully developed larva

E. vermicularis

recovered in the swabs of E. vermicularis

Female adults

barrel, football, lemon, or Japanese lantern-shaped with rounded bipolar plugs

T. trichiura

50-54 um x 23 um; yellow to brown

T. trichiura

esophagus of adult T. trichiura is lined by _______

Stichocytes

makes rigidity for colon attachment of T. trichiura adult

stichocytes

45-70 x 35-50 µm; yellow brown; round or ovoidal; thick shell with 3 layers

fertilized A. lumbricoides

3 layers of Fertilized A. lumbricoides

1. mamillary coat/cortex 2. glycogen layer 3. lipoidal vitaline membrane

true or false fertilized A. lumbricoides contains single germ cell

true

true or false unembryonated A. lumbricoides also contains germ cell

false; it does not contain

88-94 x 39-44 µm; elongated; shell often very thin and may be decorticated

unfertilized A. lumbricoides

Mouth of male and female adult A. lumbricoides has _______

trilobate lips

eggs are indistinguishable from each other

Hookworm and S. stercoralis

eggs contain egg packets or grayish germ cell (4-8)

hookworms and S. stercoralis

dental pattern of adult N. americanus

pair of semilunar cutting plates

dental pattern of adult A. duodenale

2 pairs of teeth

Short buccal cavity with indistinct lips (parthenogenetic)

S. stercoralis

peanut shaped

C. philippinensis

36-45 um X 20 um; with flattened bipolar plugs and striated shell

C. philippinensis

Thin filamentous anterior and a slightly thicker posterior Male has long sheathed copulatory spicule

C. philippinensis

sheathed filariform larva

hookworm

unsheathed filariform larva

S. stercoralis

buccal cavity is the same length as the body

Hookworms

buccal cavity is ~1/2 of the body's width

S. stercoralis

genital primordium of hookworm

small and inconspicuous

genital primordium of S. stercoralis

large and conspicuous

tail of hookworm

pointed

tail of S. stercoralis

forked/notched/bifid

esophagus

hookworm: short S. stercoralis: long

pruritis ani caused by female migration; insomnia and restlessness

Enterobiasis

intense itchiness in anal/perianal area

pruritis ani

heavy infection of T. trichiura may cause

mild anemia and rectal prolapse

may cause Loeffler's syndrome

Ascariasis

Intestinal ascariasis; Ascaris pneumonitis or Loeffler's syndrome– allergy and peripheral eosinophilia; ectopic ascariasis

Ascariasis

bollus of intestine (may obstruct airway, bile duct)

Ascariasis

cutaneous hookworm infection

ground itch

cutaneous Strongyloidiasis

larva currens

pulmonary hookworm infection

Loeffler's syndrome

intestinal hookworm infection may cause

GI blood loss

anemia in hookworm infection

IDA (microcytic and hypochromic)

intestinal strongyloidiasis

diarrhea and malabsorption

Abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea and peculiar abdominal gurgling sound

Capillariasis

abdominal gurgling sound

borborygmus

mystery disease; discovered in Barrio Pudoc in the Philippines

Capillariasis (C.philippinensis)

NEMATODES (ROUNDWORMS) Flashcards

(101 cards)