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Trop Med > Nematodes > Flashcards

Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the investigation of choice in Strongy?

A

Baermann method

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2
Q

What is this?

A

Whipworm

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3
Q

What is the other name for whipworm?

A

Trichuris Trichiuria

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4
Q

Which of the nematodes is not a geohelminth?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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5
Q

When do you not get eosinophilia in strongy?

A

may be absent if HTLV-1, corticosteroid tx: severe disease

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6
Q

Which is the only nematode to ovivivoparous?

A

Strongyloides stercoralis
Adult gives birth to larvae and eggs

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7
Q

Do you classically get eosinophilia with pinworm?

A

No

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8
Q

How do you diagnose enterobius vermicularis?

A

Sticky spatula perianally (Scotch tape)

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9
Q

Which of the nematodes is most commonly in the colon?

A

Trichuris trichiuria
Enterobius vermicularis

Both in caecum

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10
Q

How big is a pin worm?

A

1cm

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11
Q

What is the nematode associated with this?

A

Strongyloides
Flower cell

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12
Q

Which of the nematodes has a larvae as its infective stage?

A

Hookworm
Strongy

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13
Q

What is this?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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14
Q

What is the most common helminth in the world?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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15
Q

What is this?

A

Pinworm

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16
Q

What must you always rule out before Rx with strongy?

A

Loa Loa high parasite count

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17
Q

What nematode causes bowel obstruction, biliary duct obstruction, pancreatic duct obstruction.

A

Ascaris

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18
Q

Diagnostic stage for strongy?

A

Rhabditiform larvae in stool

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19
Q

What would you see on a stool sample of enterobius vermicularis?

A

Nothing!
Need to get eggs from skin perianally
Migrate at night time and hang around at terminal ileum during day so don’t catch them on stool sample

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20
Q

What do you use to Rx nematodes generally?

A

Albendazole
Except trichurius trichura - mebendazole

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21
Q

Which of the nematodes causes iron def anaemia?

A

Hookworm

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22
Q

Which of the nematodes causes appendicitis?

A

Trichuris trichiuria

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23
Q

How do you treat strongy?

A

2 doses orally

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24
Q

Infective stage of strongyloides stercoralis?

A

L3 filariaform larvae

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25
Q

What are the hookworm species?

A

Nectator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenales

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26
Q

Rx of strongyloides?

A

Ivermectin

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27
Q

Diagnostic test for Strongy?

A

Baermann method: Improve sensitivity
Larvae migrate to light

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28
Q

What is this?

A

Trichuris Tricuria

29
Q

Which nematode has the highest worm burden?

A

Ascaris

30
Q

What do you get in severe disease with strongyloides?

A

Severe disease: sepsis (gram-negative bacteriemia from intestinal translocation).

31
Q

What is this?

A

Pinworm
D shaped eggs

32
Q

How does a human get infected with hookworm?

A

Both migrate through skin
Ancylostoma through GI tract

33
Q

What species is this?

A

Strongyloides rhabditiform
Genital primordium

34
Q

How do you ∆ hyperinfection in strongy?

A

L3 larva in stools

35
Q

How do you Rx strongy in hyper infection?

A

Ivermectin, 200 µg/kg per day orally until stool and/or sputum exams are negative for 2 weeks

36
Q

Clinical features of strongy?

A

Asymptomatic
Larva currens
Acute: loefflers syndrome - cough, SOB, wheeze, pulmonary interstitial infiltrates, eosinophilia
Chronic: IBS, diarrhoea, weight loss

37
Q

What is this infective stage of hookworm?

A

L3 filariaform larvae
Migrate in skin to lungs

38
Q

What causes loefflers syndrome?

A

NASA
Pulmonary eosinophilia - mimics asthma/CAP
Larvae migrate to lung then get swallowed and adults mature in bowel

39
Q

Which one is hard to Rx and need to give mebendazole to?

A

Trichurius trichura

40
Q

What is this?

A

Whipworm

41
Q

What is this?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

42
Q

What is this?

A

Strongyloides L3 larvae
Notched tail
No genital primordial

43
Q

What is the infective stage of trichuris trichura?

A

Egg (TEA = Egg)

44
Q

What is the clinical picture of hyperinfection in strongyloides?

A

Intestinal: Abdo pain, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, Paralytic ileum, pseudio-obstruction, Enteritis, protein-losing enteropathy, GI bleed

Lung involvement: Wheezing, Haemorrhagic pneumonitis, Resp failure

Sepsis +/- meningitis: Larvae can transport gut flora into bloodstream

45
Q

Which conditions predispose to hyper infection with strongy?

A

Corticoidsteroid therapy
Cancer therapy
HTLV-1 infection

46
Q

What is this?

A

Ascaris Lumbricoides

47
Q

Symptoms of trichurius trichura?

A

Diarrhoea, growth retardation, rectal prolapse

48
Q

What causes larva currens?

A

Strongyloides

49
Q

How does hyper infection occur in a patient with strongy?

A

Rhabditiform larvae in the intestine can become filariform larvae in the large intestine, which can then penetrate the intestinal mucosa or perianal skin, entering the circulation, and follow the normal infective cycle

50
Q

What is this?

A

Pinworm

51
Q

Periorbital oedema after eating bear, bore, or horse meat?

A

Trichonella spiralis

52
Q

When should you give mass Rx for soil transmitted helminths?

A

once a year when the baseline prevalence of soil-
transmitted helminth infections in the community is over 20%

twice a year when the prevalence of soil-transmitted
helminth infections in the community is over 50%.

53
Q

Which of the nematodes cause auto infection?

A

Enterobius vermicularis
Strongy if hyper infected

54
Q

What is definition of loefflers syndrome?

A

Eosinophils accumulation in the lung as a response to a parasitic infection

55
Q

Main symptom of pinworm?

A

Perianal itch
Can also cause salpingo-oophritis and vulvitis

56
Q

What is this?

A

Enterobius Vermicularis

57
Q

Where do you find ascaris/hookworm?

A

Jejunum

58
Q

Where do you find strongy?

A

duodenum/jejunum

59
Q

Most common organism to cause loefflers syndrome?

A

Ascaris > hookworms > Strongyloides

60
Q

Name the species?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

61
Q

Name the species?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

62
Q

Name the species?

A

Ascaris

63
Q

Name the species?

A

Ascaris

64
Q

Name the species

A

Enterobius Vermicularis

65
Q

Name the species?

A

Hookworm

66
Q

Name the species?

A

Nectator americanus

67
Q

Differentiate these two species?

A

Hookworm - long pointed tail (hook)
Strongy - curved blunt notched tail

68
Q

Differentiate these species

A

Hookworm vs Enterobius vs Ascaris egg

Trop Med (49 decks)

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