Neglected tropical diseases 5

Question 1

What causes the massive dilations of the heart, CNS and digestive system seen in chagas chronic phase?

Answer 1

Infective cycle of T.Cruzi–> causes cell death and inflammation

Question 2

What do dilations in the heart lead to?

Answer 2

An inability to pump correctly–> arrhythmia, heart failure, sudden death

Question 3

What do dilations in the digestive tract lead to?

Answer 3

Weight loss

Question 4

What do dilations in the nervous system lead to?

Answer 4

Chronic encephalopathy and neuritis

Question 5

What causes lymphatic filariasis?

Answer 5

3 species of parasitic helminth worms

Question 6

Species of helminth worms that cause lymphatic filariasis?

Answer 6

Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori

Question 7

How is lymphatic filariasis transmitted?

Answer 7

Mosquitoes

Question 7

Pathogenesis of LF?

Answer 7

Lymphoedema of limbs, kidney damage

Question 8

Why does LF cause lymphoedema?

Answer 8

Worms/bits of dead worm get lodged in the lymphatic system, blocking it

Question 9

How is LF prevented?

Answer 9

Drug treatment and insecticide

Question 10

How is LF treated?

Answer 10

Antifilarial drugs

Question 11

MAss drug administration programs for LF?

Answer 11

Antifilarial drugs are given t whole communities to slow down or eradicate the disease

Question 12

Effectiveness of MDA for LF?

Answer 12

Prevented/cured 96million cases in last 13 years

Question 13

Start of Wuchereria bancrofti infection?

Answer 13

Mosquito takes a blood meal

Question 14

What do the Wuchereria bancrofti larvae do after entering the skin?

Answer 14

Grow in the host until they become adult worms

Question 15

Where are the adult Wuchereria bancrofti found in the human host?

Answer 15

Lymphatic system

Question 16

What do the Wuchereria bancrofti adults do in the lymph system?

Answer 16

Mate and produce larvae

Question 17

What are the Wuchereria bancrofti larvae called?

Answer 17

Microfilariae

Question 18

What do the microfilariae do in the human host?

Answer 18

Migrate into the lymph and bloodstream

Question 19

What happens if a mosquito bites an infected person?

Answer 19

Ingests the microfilariae

Question 20

What do the microfilariae do after entering a mosquito?

Answer 20

Shed their sheaths and penetrate into the mosquito midgut

Question 21

Where do the microfilariae go after penetrating into the mosquito midgut?

Answer 21

Migrate to the thoracic muscles

Question 22

How do the microfilariae grow in the thoracic muscles?

Answer 22

L1 larvae, then L3 larvae

Question 23

What do the microfilariae do after developing into the L3 larvae?

Answer 23

Move to the head of mosquito (the proboscis) where they can then infect another human

Question 24

Where is interstitial fluid usually found?

Answer 24

Between cells of the tissues

Question 25

What happens to interstitial fluid if lymphatic capillaries become blocked?

Answer 25

There is a build up of it within the tissues instead of between them

Question 26

Where does lymphedema usually occur?

Answer 26

Legs or genitals

Question 27

Why do LF patients have thick/hard skin?

Answer 27

Harder for them to fight infection bc lymph is blocked, so get repeated bacterial infections of the skin

Question 28

Different levels of LF severity?

Answer 28

Asymptomatic, acute, chronic

Question 29

Chronic LF symptoms?

Answer 29

Lymphoedema, elephantiasis (skin/tissue thickening)