Diabetes 1 Flashcards
What is the major source of energy for the human body?
Glucose
Which organs use glucose as their main energy source?
Brain, retina,
Which two organs are involved in the fine tuning of glucose regulation?
Insulin and glucagon
What is the general BGC?
5.5mmol
Which neurological disease can be driven by hyperglycemia?
Dementia
WHich metabolic issues can be driven by BGC homeostasis disruptions?
Obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome
What is diabetes or diabetes mellitus?
a complex group of chronic, metabolic diseases with a variety of causes. Usually, it is caused by defect in insulin secretion and/or in insulin action
What is diabetes/diabetes mellitus characrerised by?
abnormally high blood levels of glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycaemia.
What is an insulin resistant state?
When the peripheral tissues stop responding to physiological levels of insul
What are the main peripheral organs responsible for lowering the blood glucose concentration?
skeletal muscles, fat, and liver
At what BGC do the beta cells of the pancreas start producing insulin?
6mmol
Common forms of diebetes?
Type 1, type 2, gestational
Polygenic meaning?
many genesre affected
Type 1 diabetes?
Body produces antibodies against beta cells of pancreas
10% of cases
Type 1 diabetes treatment?
Insulin
Type 2 diabetes?
Non insulin-dependant, 90% of cases
Body develops a resistance to insulin
Rare forms of diebetes?
MODY, neonatal diabetes
What is MODY?
Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young.
Why is MODY more likely to be inherited?
Stronger genetic risk factor
Onset of type 1?
Fast
When does type 1 typically develop?
Child or young adult, b4 age 40
start of type 2?
peripheral tissues Insulin Resistance, but insulin is still produced
Development of type 2?
those suffering from type 2 diabetes are unable to produce enough insulin, and they gradually require insulin to treat
Type 2 onset/
Slow
When does type 2 develop?
over the age of 45
Type 2 risk factors?
Overweight (23<BMI<35kg/m^2)
Obese (BMI>35mg/m^2)
When is gestational diabetes diagnosed?
second or third trimester of pregnancy that was not clearly overt diabetes prior to gestation
Gestational diabetes characteristics?
inability of the body to respond to the increasing demands for insulin during the late stages of the development of the foetus
Key drivers of gestational diebetes?
the obesity epidemic, physical inactivity, and rising maternal age.
Consequences of GD for the mother?
T2D, chronic metabolic conditions
Consequences of GD for the foets?
adverse effect of antidiabetic drugs, complications later in life
Most common metabolic disturbance during pregnancy?
Gestational diabetes
