Age related macular degeneration 2 Flashcards
AMD risk factors?
Smoking, lipid laden diet, reduced physical activity
What is visible in early AMD?
Drusenoid deposits at the base of the retinal pigment epithelium–> yellowish spots
What is intermediate AMD defined as?
Drusen deposits over 125 microns
Mounds that have cells migrating from the back of the eye forwards
Early/intermediate AMD treatment?
Vitamins–> antioxidants and zinc
Not available on the NHS
Fruit and leafy green veg
What is neovascularisation?
New vessels–> choroid allows formation of vessels that then move into the retina
What can cause fluid and blood inside the retina?
New vessels
What would happen if a retinal hemorrhage were left untreated?
Blood would scar and the retina would atrophy
What is fundus fluorescein angiography used for?
visualize the blood vessels in the retina and choroid
See how the blood distributes itself in the macula
How is a fundus fluorescein angiogram done?
Fluorescein (which leaks onto the blood vessels) through someones arm
Pictures at the back of the eye are taken
What is the macula?
oval-shaped area at the center of the retina in the eye
What is the macula responsible for?
sharp, central, and color vision
What has replaced fundus fluorescein angiography recently?
OCT angiogaphy
What is OCT angiography?
OCT scan that has incorporated doppler related imaging of the back of the eye
WHat is a macular neovascular membrane?
Blood vessels that have come from the back of the eye and migrated forward
Considerations for treatment?
Definitely have macular neovascularization present
Vision in a certain quality range
Vision quality range for treatment?
6/12<x<6/96
Main AMD symptoms?
Vision reduction, perceiving straight lines as wavy or distorted
What are antiVEGEFs?
Anti Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
What are some antiVEGEFs?
Ranibizumab, Aflibercept, Faricimab
Results of using antiVEGF treatment?
Blood vessels shrink, fluid goes, vision improves
Brolucizumab side effect?
Inflammatory side effects
Main type of antiVEGF antibody?
antiVEGFa
What kind of antibody is Faricimab?
antiVEGF and anti-Ang-2
Aim of faricimab?
Hitting two targets to try and bring down production of new vessels
Half life of antiVEGFs in eye?
7 days
What is IVT?
Intravitreal therapy
What is vitreous?
“jelly” inside the eye
Where is IVT injected?
Inside the eye
How is vision assessed during IVT treatment?
Vision acuity
What happens if treatment improves vision?
Gaps between injections increase–> until their vision is fully stable
How long could a whole treatment plan be?
3-5 yrs
