Modern infectious diseases I

Question 1

COVID-19 cause?

Answer 1

SARS-CoV-2 virus

Question 2

How does human-human covid transmission occur?

Answer 2

Airborne droplets

Question 3

Non-airborne droplets that SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in?

Answer 3

Blood, urine, faeces, tears and semen

Question 4

Were the covid particles gathered from surfaces able to be cultured?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

Why are asymptomatic individuals less likely to transmit covid?

Answer 5

No cough so less airborne droplets

Question 6

Which age group has a lot of asymptomatic covid cases?

Answer 6

CHilderen

Question 7

Covid incubation time?

Answer 7

1-14 days (avg 4-5)

Question 8

What is the most contagious period of covid patients?

Answer 8

1-3 days b4 symptoms

Question 9

Covid symptoms?

Answer 9

fever, dry cough, loss of smell/taste, sore throat, pneumonia, ARDS

Question 10

Mild/moderate covid treatment?

Answer 10

Paracetamol and ibuprofen

Question 11

Severe covid treatment?

Answer 11

Oxygen, paracetamol, obuprofen, anti-viral drugs, neutralising monoclonal antibodies, corticosteroids

Question 12

How are severe covid cases defined?

Answer 12

Having clinical signs of pneumonia as well as a high respiratory rate or being in respiratory distress

Question 13

What do antiviral drugs do?

Answer 13

Prevent ability of virus to infect cells/replicate itself

Question 14

What does a neutralising monoclonal antibody therapy do against covid?

Answer 14

Bind spike protein of virus and prevent it from infecting cells in the lungs

Question 15

Which corticosteroid reduced covid deaths by 1/3?

Answer 15

Dexamethosone

Question 16

3 UK covid vaccines?

Answer 16

Moderna, Oxford astrazeneca and pfizer

Question 17

Modified viral vector vaccine for covid?

Answer 17

OxfordAstraZeneca

Question 18

Which covid vaccines were mRNA?

Answer 18

Moderna and Pfizer BioNTech

Question 19

What type of disease do coronaviruses cause in humans?

Answer 19

respiratory

Question 20

What type of disease do coronaviruses cause in animals?

Answer 20

Gastrointestinal

Question 21

Diameter of SARS-CoV-2?

Answer 21

60-140nm

Question 22

Genome of SARS-CoV-2?

Answer 22

ss +ve sense RNA

Question 23

Spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2?

Answer 23

S1 and S2 mediate attachment to host cells

Question 24

What do the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins attach to?

Answer 24

ACE2 receptor

Question 25

Where is ACE2 expressed?

Answer 25

Upper airway, lungs, vascular system, CNS, eyes, kidneys guts, liver

Question 26

Which spike protein interacts with the ACE2 on the target cell?

Answer 26

S1

Question 27

What does S1 binding to ACE2 enable?

Answer 27

TMPRSS2 protease to cleave the S protein

Question 28

Result of S protein being cleaved?

Answer 28

S2 is activated, and so can fuse with the host

Question 29

What does binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2 receptor affect?

Answer 29

disturbs homeostasis of the renin angiotensin system

Question 30

Role of renin angiotensin system?

Answer 30

important in controlling blood pressure

Question 31

How does the renin angiotensin system control blood pressure?

Answer 31

Cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation