Modern infectious diseases III

Question 1

Where does the ebola virus go after it enters via the bite site?

Answer 1

Regional lymph nodes, liver, adrenal glands, spleed

Question 2

Ebola effect on lymph nodes?

Answer 2

Rapid lymphocyte loss via apoptosis

Question 3

What is the apoptosis of lymphocytes caused by in ebola?

Answer 3

Infection mediated impairment of dendritic cells, soluble factors released by monocytes amd macrophages

Question 4

Ebola effect on the liver?

Answer 4

Dysfunction in general, decreased production of clotting factors

Question 5

Ebola effect in adrenal gland?

Answer 5

Impairs synthesis of steroid hormones,

Question 6

Ebola effect on the vascular system?

Answer 6

soluble factors released by infected cells damages it, leads to vascular leakage

Question 7

Combined outcome of all ebola effects?

Answer 7

Multiorgan failure

Question 8

Uganda ebola ourbreak facts?

Answer 8

164 cases, 77 deaths
sep22-jan23
Ring vaccine trial using 3 vaccines

Question 9

What is Zika caused by?

Answer 9

Zika virus

Question 10

What kind of virus is zika virus?

Answer 10

A flavivirus

Question 11

How is zika transmitted?

Answer 11

Mosquito bites, mother to child, sexually, blood transfusion

Question 12

Which mosquito can transmit zika?

Answer 12

Aedes mosquito

Question 13

Aedes mosquito characteristics?

Answer 13

Bites during the day in tropical and subtropical regions

Question 14

Initial Zika symptoms?

Answer 14

Fever, rash, headache–> rarely hospitalised

Question 15

Effect of sika in pregnancy?

Answer 15

Birth defects–> microcephaly

Question 16

Treatment/vaccine for zika?

Answer 16

None–> symptomatic–> pain relief etc

Question 17

Zika prevention?

Answer 17

Insect repellent, nets

Question 18

Zika diameter?

Answer 18

40nm

Question 19

Zika genome?

Answer 19

ss +ve sense RNA

Question 20

Zika structure?

Answer 20

Outer envelope, membrane proteins, capsid, dense inner core, RNA

Question 21

How is the zika envelope structured?

Answer 21

As a dimer

Question 22

What allows zika to attach to the host cell receptor?

Answer 22

Envelope glycoprotein

Question 23

What is myalgia?

Answer 23

Muscle aches

Question 24

Which comorbidities has Zika been associated with if fatal?

Answer 24

Sickle cell disease, congenital zika viral infection

Question 25

What is Guillain-Barré syndrome?

Answer 25

Autoimmune neuropathy--> immune system attacks PNS

Question 26

What is microcephaly?

Answer 26

Congenital abnormality in which the foetal brain is underdeveloped

Question 27

What is microcephaly caused by?

Answer 27

Reduced proliferation and increased cell death of neural progenitor cells during brain development

Question 28

Effect of zika infection on neural progenitor cells?

Answer 28

Neural progenitor cells infected by zikavirus has increased apoptosis