Natural Hazards Flashcards
Describe a destructive plate boundary.
Move towards each other
Continental and oceanic
Subduction, slab pull
Earthquakes and volcanoes
Describe a collision boundary.
Plates move towards each other
Both continental
Fold mountains
Earthquakes
Describe a constructive plate boundary.
Plates move apart
Ridge push
Mid-atlantic ridge, Iceland
Shield volcanoes
Describe a Rift Valley
Plates move apart
Both continental
Land forms in between, cracking of surface, can get flooded
Eg East Africa
Volcanoes, Earthquakes
Describe a Conservative plate boundary
Move past each other
San Andreas Fault
Earthquake
Nuees ardentes
Pyroclastic flow containing denser particles
Lava flow
Flow of lava from a volcano. Speed depends on viscosity & silicon content
Mudflows/ lahars
Fast moving soil, formed when ash mixes with water
Occurs in humid places
Can be caused by pyroclastic flow
Pyroclastic flow
Fast moving cloud of ash and tephra
Avg speed 100km/h
From composite volcanoes
Ash and tephra
Particles ejected from volcano
Can be sharp, damage airways and engines
Acid rain
Gases mix with water vapour form acid
Can damage wildlife and buildings
Describe the process of carbon sequestration
Carbon is captured and held. Turned from gas to liquid Stored in old oil reserves Compacted Sequestered until able to burn them again
Human impacts on carbon cyle
Deforestation
Farming
Land use change
Burning fossil fuels
Links between carbon and water cycle
Respiration Photosynthesis Ocean uptake Weathering Decomposition, decomposer require water
Examples for links between carbon and water cycles
Amazon rainforest now absorb 1.2bill tonnes of CO2 (photosynthesis)
Climate change effect on ocean uptake (warmer ocean less CO2 in)
Climate change effect on permafrost (Siberia)
