Natural Hazard KW

Question 1

Geophysical

Answer 1

The study of earth and the atmosphere. Including oceanography, seismology, volcanology and geomagnetism

Question 2

Fatalism

Answer 2

A view of hazard that suggests people cannot influence or shape the outcome therefore nothing can be done to mitigate against it. Can be known as gods will

Question 3

Vulnerability

Answer 3

The risk of exposure to hazards combined with the inability to cope with them

Question 4

Hazard

Answer 4

Events which are perceived to be a threat to people the built environment and the natural environment

Question 5

Mitigation

Answer 5

This is a strategy designed to reduce or eliminate risks to people and property from natural hazards. Money spent at s to reduce the impact

Question 6

Integrated risk

Answer 6

The process of considering the social, economic and political factors involved in risk analysis determining acceptability of damage and the actions to be taken

Question 7

Asthenosphere

Answer 7

The upper layer of the earths mantle below the lithosphere

Question 8

Vulcanicity

Answer 8

The process through which gases and molten rock are either extruded onto the earths surface or intruded into the earths crust. Clearly linked to existence of plate boundaries

Question 9

Liquefaction

Answer 9

A process by which water saturated sediment temporarily loses strength and acts as a fluid

Question 10

Moment magnitude scale

Answer 10

Is used by scientists to measure the size of earthquakes in terms of energy released

Question 11

Tephra

Answer 11

The solid matter ejected by a volcano into the air. It ranges from volcanic bombs to ash

Question 12

Retrofitting

Answer 12

In earthquake prone areas buildings and other structures are fitted with devices such as shock absorbers and cross bracing to make them more earthquake proof

Question 13

Retardants

Answer 13

Chemicals sprayed on to fires in order to slow them down. They are composed of nitrates ammonia phosphates sulfates and thickening agents

Question 14

Pyrophytic vegetation

Answer 14

Plants that have adapted to tolerate fire. Methods of survival include thick bark, tissue with a high moisture content and underground storage structures

Question 15

Coriolis force

Answer 15

The effect of the earths rotation on air flow. In the northern hemisphere the force causes a deflection in the movement of air to the right. In the Southern Hemisphere it is to the left

Question 16

Park response model

Answer 16

A model to show the changing quality of life though different phases of disaster

Question 17

Intraplate

Answer 17

In the middle of the plate, away from the plate margins

Question 18

Benioff zone

Answer 18

The zone where earthquakes tend to occur as the oceanic crust is being subducted underneath the continental crust at a destructive plate boundary

Question 19

Latent heat

Answer 19

The heat required to turn a solid into a liquid or a liquid into a gas without a change in temperature

Question 20

Convection column

Answer 20

A vertical rising column of smoke ashes and particulates caused by a fire