Chemistry Flame Test Etc. Flashcards
Flame test: Lithium
Crimson
Flame test: Sodium
Yellow
Flame test: Copper
Blue- Green
Flame test: Calcium
Orange- Red
Flame test: Potassium
Lilac
Soluble salts
All (5)
Lithium Sodium Potassium Ammonium Nitrates
Common Chloride solutions soluble except (2)
Silver
Lead
Common Sulfate solutions soluble except
3
Lead
Barium
Calcium
Common hydroxides insoluble except (4)
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
Ammonium
Common carbonates insoluble except (4)
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
Ammonium
Equation for mass (moles)
Mass = moles*Mr
Equation for mass (conc)
Mass= concentration* volume
Equation for moles (conc)
Moles = concentration* volume
Name the 3 displacement reactions
KBr + Cl2 Clear to yellow KI + Cl2 Clear to brown KI + Br2 Yellow to orange/brown
Describe the Halogens (4)
Fluorine- pale yellow gas
Chlorine - green gas
Bromine- Brown liquid - brown gas
Iodine- black shiny solid- purple gas when sublimes (no liquid)
Silver Halides precipitates and colours (3)
Silver chloride - white
Silver bromide - cream
Silver iodide - yellow
Precipitate colour of carbonates (3)
Copper carbonate- blue-green
Silver carbonate- yellow
Rest of carbonates- white
Precipitate colour of copper iodide
White
Precipitate colours of lead chloride, bromide and iodide
White, white, yellow
Precipitate colour of insoluble sulfates
White
Common bromides soluble except (2)
Lead, silver
Common iodides soluble except
Silver, Lead, Copper
Test for chloride ion
Add silver nitrate forms a white precipitate
Describe metallic bonding
Regularly arranged Positive ions Giant lattice Sea of delocalised electrons hold it together Electrostatic forces between metal ions
Properties of metallic bonding
Conduct electricity High BP and MP Malleable Shiny Sonorous Insoluble in water (react) Insoluble in non polar solvents
Properties of covalent network bonding
Giant lattice High MP and BP Don’t conduct (except graphite) Insoluble in water Insoluble in non polar
Properties of ionic
High MP and BP
Conduct when molten
Often soluble in water
Insoluble in non polar
Properties of macromolecular (DNA, polymers)
Weak intermolecular bonds Moderate BP and MP Don’t conduct electricity Insoluble in water Sometimes soluble
Properties of Simple covalent
Weak intermolecular bonds Low BP and MP Don’t conduct electricity Insoluble in water , unless can bond with hydrogen in water Insoluble in non polar
Describe E isomerism
Trans, not on the same side, double bind doesn’t allow rotation, stack better
Describe Z isomerism
Cis on the same zide, also around double bond which doesn’t allow free rotation
Name the 4 structural isomers
Chain isomerism- branched
Position isomerism- position of branch
Functional group isomerism- ether or alcohol
Stereoisomerism- E trans , Z cis
Standard conditions
298K (25 degrees)
1 atmospheric pressure
What is the ideal gas equation
PV= nRT
P- pressure (kPa) V- volume (m^3) Divide cm by 1mill n- number of moles R- gas constant T- temperature in Kelvin
Properties of group 7
Less reactive going down MP and BP increases down Most are toxic Increase atomic radius Increase shielding Oxidising agents
Oxidation states exceptions
H2O2- O has -1 and not -2
Hydrogen- state +1 unless with metal
Fluorine- always -1
Species containing ate include
Oxygen
How to test for carbonates
Add dilute HCl
CO2 will form, limewater turns cloudy
