Narcotics

Question 1

What are narcotics are type of?

Answer 1

Analgesic

Question 2

What is an analgesic?

Answer 2

A pain reliever

Question 3

In what 2 systems does a human perceive pain?

Answer 3

1. PNS - periphery sensory nerves

2. CNS - transmission of periphery sensory to brain

Question 4

What is the name of the body’s natural analgesics?

Answer 4

Endorphins

Question 5

What narcotic do endorphins mimic?

Answer 5

Morphine

Question 6

What receptors in the body do endorphins and opioids work on?

Answer 6

Opioid Receptors

Question 7

What 2 things do endorphins regulate?

Answer 7

1. transmission of pain from PNS to CNS

2. other bodily functions

Question 8

Where are endorphins located?

Answer 8

In CNS - brain and spinal cord

Question 9

Are endorphins more potent than morphine?

Answer 9

Yes, 3-4x more potent

Question 10

How many types of opioid receptors are there?

Answer 10

4

Question 11

What are the names of the 4 opioid receptors?

Answer 11

1. Mu
2. Kappa
3. Sigma
4. Delta

Question 12

What do Mu opioid receptors regulate?

Answer 12

1. “morphine-like” effects - analgesia
2. euphoria
3. respiratory depression

Question 13

What do Kappa opioid receptors regulated?

Answer 13

1. “pentazocine-like” effects - analgesia
2. sedation
3. mild respiratory depression

Question 14

What do Sigma opioid receptors regulated?

Answer 14

Withdrawal

1. dysphoria
2. hallucinations
3. respiratory and vasomotor stimulationat

Question 15

What are the 7 narcotic analgesics to know?

Answer 15

CHOP MMM

1. Codeine
2. Hydromorphone/Dilaudid
3. Oxycodone/Roxicodone
4. Pentazocine
5. Morphine
6. Meperidine/Demerol
7. Methadone

Question 16

What are narcotic analgesics derived from?

Answer 16

1. opium

2. synthetic chemicals similar to opium

Question 17

What can all narcotics produce with chronic use?

Answer 17

1. tolerance

2. dependency

Question 18

What list are narcotic analgesics typically on?

Answer 18

2 and 3 - highly addictive BUT medically useful

Question 19

What is an appropriate use for narcotic analgesics?

Answer 19

Moderate to severe pain

Question 20

How do narcotic analgesics relieve severe pain?

Answer 20

by acting on the CNS to:

1. reduce anxiety
2. reduce reaction/response to pain

Question 21

What do narcotic analgesics NOT interfere with?

Answer 21

PNS periphery sensory nerves

Question 22

To obtain full effect, when should narcotics be given?

Answer 22

before onset of pain

Question 23

How do narcotic analgesics control different degrees of pain?

Answer 23

By stimulating different opioid receptors

Question 24

What are the pharmacological effects of narcotics on the CNS?

Answer 24

1. euphoria

2. dysphoria

Question 25

What do narcotic analgesics do to the CNS?

Answer 25

1. alter mental mood/behavior | 2. alter mental alertness

Question 26

What can low doses of narcotic analgesics cause?

Answer 26

stimulation of the CTZ making you naseous | *note* high doses do not

Question 27

What are some other SE of narcotic analgesics?

Answer 27

``` Respiratory Depression Anti-tussive Properties Toxicity Produces mostly miosis *exception = Meperidine = mydriasis Increase smooth muscle tone/GI spasm Inhibit parasympathetic *constipation Decrease urinary formation/frequency ```

Question 28

What are the 2 clinical indications for the use of narcotic analgesics?

Answer 28

1. moderate to severe acute or chronic pain | 2. before surgery to help induce anesthesia

Question 29

What is a narcotic antagonist?

Answer 29

A drug that blocks or competes for the same opioid receptor as a narcotic agonist

Question 30

What are narcotic antagonist drugs reserved for?

Answer 30

1. life threatening respiratory depression | 2. narcotic poisoning

Question 31

What are the 2 types of narcotic antagonist?

Answer 31

1. Pure Narcotic Antagonist | 2. Partial Narcotic Antagonist

Question 32

How does the Pure Narcotic Antagonist work?

Answer 32

It competes for the opioid receptor site and completely blocks WITHOUT any agonist interaction - hence NO respiratory depression

Question 33

How does the Partial Narcotic Antagonist work?

Answer 33

It competes for the opioid receptor site and partially blocks with minor agonist effects and can reverse respiratory depression since it has little effect

Question 34

What is a Pure Narcotic Antagonist?

Answer 34

Naxolone/Narcan

Question 35

What is a Partial Narcotic Antagonist?

Answer 35

Pentazocine

Question 36

Which drug is the "prototype" drug for all narcotics?

Answer 36

Morphine

Question 37

Which drug is typically used as an anti-tussive?

Answer 37

Codeine

Question 38

Which drugs is used to wean patients off heroin?

Answer 38

Methadone

Question 39

What is pentazocine?

Answer 39

a narcotic and a narcotic ant agonist used to wean people off addiction to narcotics with milder withdrawal symptoms than straight cold

Question 40

What are SE and ADVERSE effects of narcotics?

Answer 40

1. N/V 2. Mental Confusion 3. Constipation 4. Urinary Retention 5. Tolerance/Dependency 6. Dysphoria 7. Respiratory Depression