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Bio58 Midterm 2 > Narcotics > Flashcards

Narcotics Flashcards

1
Q

What are narcotics are type of?

A

Analgesic

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2
Q

What is an analgesic?

A

A pain reliever

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3
Q

In what 2 systems does a human perceive pain?

A
  1. PNS - periphery sensory nerves

2. CNS - transmission of periphery sensory to brain

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4
Q

What is the name of the body’s natural analgesics?

A

Endorphins

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5
Q

What narcotic do endorphins mimic?

A

Morphine

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6
Q

What receptors in the body do endorphins and opioids work on?

A

Opioid Receptors

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7
Q

What 2 things do endorphins regulate?

A
  1. transmission of pain from PNS to CNS

2. other bodily functions

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8
Q

Where are endorphins located?

A

In CNS - brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

Are endorphins more potent than morphine?

A

Yes, 3-4x more potent

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10
Q

How many types of opioid receptors are there?

A

4

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11
Q

What are the names of the 4 opioid receptors?

A
  1. Mu
  2. Kappa
  3. Sigma
  4. Delta
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12
Q

What do Mu opioid receptors regulate?

A
  1. “morphine-like” effects - analgesia
  2. euphoria
  3. respiratory depression
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13
Q

What do Kappa opioid receptors regulated?

A
  1. “pentazocine-like” effects - analgesia
  2. sedation
  3. mild respiratory depression
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14
Q

What do Sigma opioid receptors regulated?

A

Withdrawal

  1. dysphoria
  2. hallucinations
  3. respiratory and vasomotor stimulationat
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15
Q

What are the 7 narcotic analgesics to know?

A

CHOP MMM

  1. Codeine
  2. Hydromorphone/Dilaudid
  3. Oxycodone/Roxicodone
  4. Pentazocine
  5. Morphine
  6. Meperidine/Demerol
  7. Methadone
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16
Q

What are narcotic analgesics derived from?

A
  1. opium

2. synthetic chemicals similar to opium

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17
Q

What can all narcotics produce with chronic use?

A
  1. tolerance

2. dependency

18
Q

What list are narcotic analgesics typically on?

A

2 and 3 - highly addictive BUT medically useful

19
Q

What is an appropriate use for narcotic analgesics?

A

Moderate to severe pain

20
Q

How do narcotic analgesics relieve severe pain?

A

by acting on the CNS to:

  1. reduce anxiety
  2. reduce reaction/response to pain
21
Q

What do narcotic analgesics NOT interfere with?

A

PNS periphery sensory nerves

22
Q

To obtain full effect, when should narcotics be given?

A

before onset of pain

23
Q

How do narcotic analgesics control different degrees of pain?

A

By stimulating different opioid receptors

24
Q

What are the pharmacological effects of narcotics on the CNS?

A
  1. euphoria

2. dysphoria

25
Q

What do narcotic analgesics do to the CNS?

A
  1. alter mental mood/behavior

2. alter mental alertness

26
Q

What can low doses of narcotic analgesics cause?

A

stimulation of the CTZ making you naseous

note high doses do not

27
Q

What are some other SE of narcotic analgesics?

A 
Respiratory Depression
Anti-tussive Properties
Toxicity Produces mostly miosis
*exception = Meperidine = mydriasis
Increase smooth muscle tone/GI spasm
Inhibit parasympathetic
*constipation
Decrease urinary formation/frequency
28
Q

What are the 2 clinical indications for the use of narcotic analgesics?

A
  1. moderate to severe acute or chronic pain

2. before surgery to help induce anesthesia

29
Q

What is a narcotic antagonist?

A

A drug that blocks or competes for the same opioid receptor as a narcotic agonist

30
Q

What are narcotic antagonist drugs reserved for?

A
  1. life threatening respiratory depression

2. narcotic poisoning

31
Q

What are the 2 types of narcotic antagonist?

A
  1. Pure Narcotic Antagonist

2. Partial Narcotic Antagonist

32
Q

How does the Pure Narcotic Antagonist work?

A

It competes for the opioid receptor site and completely blocks WITHOUT any agonist interaction - hence NO respiratory depression

33
Q

How does the Partial Narcotic Antagonist work?

A

It competes for the opioid receptor site and partially blocks with minor agonist effects and can reverse respiratory depression since it has little effect

34
Q

What is a Pure Narcotic Antagonist?

A

Naxolone/Narcan

35
Q

What is a Partial Narcotic Antagonist?

A

Pentazocine

36
Q

Which drug is the “prototype” drug for all narcotics?

A

Morphine

37
Q

Which drug is typically used as an anti-tussive?

A

Codeine

38
Q

Which drugs is used to wean patients off heroin?

A

Methadone

39
Q

What is pentazocine?

A

a narcotic and a narcotic ant agonist used to wean people off addiction to narcotics with milder withdrawal symptoms than straight cold

40
Q

What are SE and ADVERSE effects of narcotics?

A
  1. N/V
  2. Mental Confusion
  3. Constipation
  4. Urinary Retention
  5. Tolerance/Dependency
  6. Dysphoria
  7. Respiratory Depression

Bio58 Midterm 2 (16 decks)

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