Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) Flashcards
What are the factors used to control blood pressure?
- reduce blood volume
- reduce sympathetic outflow from brain
- block adrenergic alpha/beta receptors
- dilate blood vessels (stimulate parasympathetic)
How do you calculate Blood Pressure?
BP = CO x PR
How do you calculate Cardiac Output?
CO = HR x SV
How is normal blood pressure maintained?
RAAS
What is the RAAS?
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
What is the MOA of RAAS?
- low blood pressure detected by kidney
- kidney releases Renin (an enzyme)
- Renin activates angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I
- ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme changes Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II)
What does the Angiotensin II do?
- directly cause vasoconstriction (increase BP)
- bind to receptors on Adrenal Gland releasing aldosterone, a hormone that enhances absorption of Na+, hence H2O
- stimulate the release of ADH from pituitary, making aquaporin channels for reabsorption of H2O
What are the 3 broad categories of drug treatments for hypertension?
- Vasodilators
- Diuretics
- Sympathetic Blockers
What are the 4 Vasodilators commonly used for hypertension?
- ACE Inhibitors
- Angiotensin II Antagonists
- Ca Channel Blockers
- Direct Vasodilation
How do ACE inhibitors work?
inhibit ACE from converting Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II thereby prevent effects of angiotensin II
What are the 5 ACE inhibitors used for hypertension?
- Benazepril
- Captopril
- Enalapril
- Fosinopril
- Lisinopril/Prinivil
How do Angiotensin II Antagonist work?
bind to Angiotensin II receptors on blood vessels and adrenal glands preventing Angiotensin II from working
What are the 3 Angiotensin II Antagonist drugs?
- Losartan
- Irbesartan
- Valsartan
How do direct vasodilators work?
bind to receptors on blood vessels/smooth muscle and cause dilation
What are the 2 Diret Vasodilator drugs for hypertension?
- Hydralazine
2. Minoxidil
