Congestive Heart Failure Flashcards
What is congestive heart failure?
failure of heart to pump right
What sides of the heart can it be on?
Left = back up to pulmonary = SOB
Right = back up to abdominal & legs = EDEMA
Total Heart Failure - Left and Right
What else can CHF be?
arrhythmias
What is CAD?
Coronary Artery Disease (disease of vascular)
What is hyperlipidemia?
high cholesterol
What is hypertension?
High Blood Pressure (high peripheral resistance in arteries)
What is arteriosclerosis?
hardening/narrowing of arteries due to age
What is atherosclerosis?
hardening/narrowing of arteries due to fatty plaques (hyperlipidemia & hypertension)
What can CHF, CAD, arterio/atherosclerosis cause?
Angina Pectoris - chest pain
MI - Myocardial Infarction (heart attack)
What are the 3 classes of drugs for CHF?
- Cardio Glyosides
- Diuretics
- Vasodilators
What are Cardio Glycosides?
Inhibit ATPase which inhibits Na from leaving with helps MORE Ca enter which causes stronger contraction with LESS O2 consumption
WHICH THEN
decreases HR and AV conduction b/c depressant
RESTORING
improved efficiency of heart
improved blood flow
improved kidney function
What is the 1 cardio glycoside drug?
Degoxsin
What is degoxsin derived from?
Digitalis Pupurea (foxglove flower)
What does a diuretic do?
inhibits reabsorption of Na and so water follows which reduces follow, hence pressure
What are the 5 different classes of diuretics?
- Osmotic Agents
- Carbonic Anyhdrase Agents
- Thiazide/Thiazide-Like Agents
- Organic Acid/Loop Agents
- Potassium Sparing Agents
Name the osmotic agent and the part of the nephron they work on.
Mannitol
Glomerulus (filters Na+, no reabsorption)
Name the carbonic anhydrase agent and the part of the nephron they work on.
Acetazolamide
PCT (inhibits reabsorption of Na+, hence water)
Name the Thiazide & Thiazide-Like agents and the parts of the nephron they work on
Thiazide 1. hydrochlorothiazide/microzide 2. chlorothiazide Thiazide-Like 1. Metolazone 2. Indampamide 3. Chlorothalidone DCT
Name Organic Acid/Loop agents and the parts of the nephron they work on
Furosemide/Lasix
Bumetamide
Tosemide
Ascending Loop of Henle
Name the Potassium Sparing agents and the parts of the nephron they work on
Spironolactone Spironolactone/HCTZ Amiliride Triamterene DCT
How do Loop diuretics work?
Ascending Limb of Henle
inhibit Na+ and Cl reabsorption, Water Follows
What are loop diuretics more potent than?
Thiazide/Thiazide-Like
What is the danger of loop diuretics?
Hypokalemia - cauze K+ will follow the Na+ and Cl
What are the clinical indications for loop diuretics?
- Renal Disease
- Edema
- CHF
What are the common side effects of diuretics?
- N/V/D
- Hypotension
- Dizziness
- Hypokalemia
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Dehydration
What are the 3 types of Vasodilators used in CHF?
- ACE Inhibitor (Lisinopril/Prinivil)
- Alpha Blocker (Prazosin)
- Direct Acting (hydralazine)
In the world of vasodilators, what does preload mean?
Preload = blood entering ventricles BEFORE contraction
So preload vasodilator, dilates veins
In the world of vasodilators, what do afterload mean?
Afterload = blood left in ventricles AFTER contraction
so afterload vasodilator, dilates arteries