N5: diencephalon, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex Flashcards
what does the diencephalon include
thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus
subthalamus
thalamic nuclei
internal medullary lamina
anterior nuclear group
medial nuclear group
lateral nuclear group
medial geniculate nucleus
lateral geniculate nucleus
ventral lateral
ventral posteriomedial
anterior nuclear group general function
linked to limbic system (behavioural)
medial nuclear group general function
prefrontal cortex so = behaviour
lateral nuclear group general function
motor
ventral posteromedial general function
proprioception and gustatory
medial geniculate nucleus function
c=primary auditory cortex
lateral geniculate nucleus function
connected to primary visual cortex
spinothalamic pathway function
reactive = pain, temp, crude touch, pressure
DCML pathway function
discriminative = proprioception, fine touch, vibration
where does spinothalamic pathway deccusate
spinal cord
where does DCML pathway deccusate
medulla oblongata (dorsal column nuclei)
function of thalamus
information relay station
function of hypothalamus
maintains homeostasis
basal ganglia nuclei
caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
nucleus accumbens
ventral pallidum
substantia nigra
subthalamic nucleus
basal ganglia function
motor control
fine movements
executive functions, behaviours, emotions
role of caudate nucleus
memory, mood, behaviour
role of putamen
learning, motor control, speech, reward, addiction
role of globus pallidus
controls conscious and proprioceptive movements
role of subthalamic nucleus
connects with globus pallidus
role of nucleus accumbens
mediates reward behaviour
role of substantia nigra
linked to movements - parkinsons
role of amygdala
fear center, anger
emotion, memory, decision making
motor loop in basal ganglia
motor + sensory afferents -> putamen (processed) -> direct/indirect to thalamus
limbic circuit connections
limbic lobe, hippocampus and amygdala -> caudate nucleus -> thalamus
major gyri of cortex
precentral gyrus
postcentral gyrus
superior temporal gyrus
precentral gyrus function
primary motor cortex
postcentral gyrus function
primary somatosensory
superior temporal gyrus function
reception and processing of sound
where is frontal lobe + function
front area of cortex -> behaviour and motor
where is temporal lobe + function
lateral sides -> language and auditary
where is parietal lobe + function
top of head -> somatosensory
thalamic nuclei
MGN
LGN
primary auditory cortex
primary visual cortex
primary gustatory cortex
ventral posteromedial
ventral posterolateral
what do anterior thalamic nuclei do
role in limbic system
what do medial thalamic nuclei do
motivation/mood
what do lateral thalamic nuclei do
motor modification
function of ventral posteromedial/lateral nuclei
sensory integration
function of MGN
- auditary function
- sends tracts to auditory cortex (temporal)
function of LGN
- visual function
- send fibres to primary visual cortex
function of spinothalamic pathway
- pain
- temp
- crude touch
- pressure
function of DCML tract
discriminitive
- proprioception
- fine touch
- vibration
function of nuclear cumbance
pleasure centre
reward
addiction
association fibres
connect different areas of brain
commissural fibres
connect left and right sides of brain
projection fibres
connect neurones to brain via tracts
motor pathways
corticospinal = below head
corticonuclear = head and neck
corona radiata function
fibres ascend/descend through brainstem → cortices
