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anatomy > N3: brainstem and blood supply > Flashcards

N3: brainstem and blood supply Flashcards

1
Q

functions of brainstem

A
  • Conduit for tracts (sensory and motor)
  • Consciousness, cardiovascular (CV) system, respiratory system, pain perception (reticular formation)
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2
Q

structure of brainstem

A
  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Medulla oblongata
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3
Q

superior colliculi structure and function

A

bumpy top
part of visual pathway

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4
Q

inferior colliculi structure and function

A

bumpy bottom
auditory pathway

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5
Q

gracile tubercle structure and function

A

midline of brainstem
lower limb fibres

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6
Q

cuneate tubercle structure and function

A

lateral brainstem
upper limb fibres

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7
Q

where is the bulbo-pontine sulcus

A

between pons and medulla

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8
Q

what lies in the bacilla sulcus

A

basilla artery

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9
Q

where is the anterior median sulcus

A

between pyramids

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10
Q

where are the olives

A

lateral to pyramids

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11
Q

what is the decussation of pyrimidal tracts

A

where the tracts cross over

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12
Q

in a horizontal section, what are the eyes and mouth of the pug

A

red nuclei = eyes
cerebral aquiduct = mouth

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13
Q

cause and symptoms of parkinson’s disease

A
  • Characterised by resting tremor, difficulty in initiating voluntary movement and jerking
  • caused by depletion of dopamine in substantia nigra
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14
Q

where do afferent neurones enter the spinal cord

A

dorsal horn

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15
Q

where do efferent neurones exit the spinal cord

A

ventral horn

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16
Q

function of white matter tracts

A

→ carry info to and from cerebrum

17
Q

what is the corticospinal tract

A

DESCENDING
- pyramidal tract
- voluntary control over skeletal muscles below the head and neck
- decussates at pyramids of medulla
- lateral and anteruir

18
Q

what is the corticobulbar tract

A

DESCENDING
- Voluntary (conscious) control over skeletal muscles of head and neck
- precentral gyrus -> internal capsule -> midbrain synapse -> brainstem synapse

19
Q

what is the dorsal column medial lemniscus tract?

A

ASCENDING
- relays sensory info from peripheral nerves to cerebral cortex
- proprioception, fine touch and vibration
- signals from gracile nucleus and cuneate nucleus

20
Q

where do signals from gracile nucleus come from?

A

lower limb
= medial part of dorsal column

21
Q

where do signals from cuneate nucleus come from?

A

from lower limb
lateral part of dorsal column

22
Q

what is the spinothalamic tract

A
  • Sensory information from the peripheral nerves to the cerebral cortex
  • pain, temperature, crude touch and pressure
23
Q

pathway of DCML

A

1st: dorsal root ganglion -> nucleus gracilis/cuneate
2nd: nucleus -> thalamus
3rd: thalamus -> post-central gyrus

24
Q

pathway of spinothalamic tract

A

1st: dorsal horn -> spinal cord
2nd: SC -> thalamus
3rd: thalamus -> post-central gyrus

25
Q

what are spinocerebellar tracts

A
  • Unconscious proprioceptive information
  • Co-ordinate and refine motor movements
  • Signals from muscles to cerebellum
26
Q

what systems make up the cerebral arterial circle

A
  • Internal carotid system
  • Vertebral-basilar system
27
Q

contents of cerebral arterial circle

A
  • Two internal carotid arteries
  • Two vertebral arteries
    connect to form circle
28
Q

where do carotid arteries enter skull

A

through carotid canal

29
Q

where do vertebral arteries enter skull

A

through the foramen magnum

30
Q

what does internal carotid artery arise from

A

common carotid artery on arch of aorta

31
Q

where does vertebral artery originate

A

subclavian artery

32
Q

what artery supplies the lateral lobes

A

medial artery

33
Q

what artery supplies the anterior lobes

A

anterior artery

34
Q

what artery supplies the posterior lobes

A

posterior artery

35
Q

what is a Saccular (berry) Aneurysm

A
  • most common type
  • occurs within the vessels that supply the cerebral arterial circle
  • rupture causes accumulation of blood in the subarachnoid space with a subsequent increase in intracranial pressure.
36
Q

major dural venous sinuses

A
  • Superior sagittal sinus
  • Inferior sagittal sinus
  • Straight sinus
  • Transverse sinus
  • Confluence of sinuses
  • cavernous sinus
  • sigmoid sinus
37
Q

what vein do all venous sinuses drain into

A

internal jugular vein

38
Q

what are the motor pathways

A

= descending
corticospinal tract
corticobulbar

39
Q

what are the sensory pathways

A

= ascending
spinothalamic tract
dorsal column medial limniscus

anatomy (15 decks)

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