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anatomy > abdomen > Flashcards

abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

location of the stomach

A
  • Left hypochondriac, epigastric and umbilical regions of abdomen
  • starts at gastroesophageal junction and extends to pyloric orifice
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2
Q

structure of stomach in situ

A
  • encased by 2 layers of peritoneum (omentum)
  • attached to liver via lesser omentum
  • greater omentum hangs from stomach (double fold)
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3
Q

internal structure of stomach

A
  • split into fundus, body and connects into duodenum
  • lower oesophageal sphincter separates oesophagus and fundus
  • pyloric sphincter separates body from duodenum
  • rugae = gastric folds
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4
Q

3 branches of the coeliac trunk

A
  • common hepatic artery
  • splenic artery
    left gastric artery
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5
Q

what is the peritoneal cavity

A
  • contains peritoneal fluids (lubricant for organs)
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6
Q

what is the peritoneum

A
  • continuous membrane which lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs (abdominal viscera)
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7
Q

intraperitoneal organs

A
  • enveloped by visceral peritoneum which covers organ anterior and posteriorly e.g stomach, liver, spleen
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8
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A
  • not associated with visceral peritoneum, only covered in parietal peritoneum, and that peritoneum only covers their anterior surface

primary
- developed and remain outside of the parietal peritoneum
secondary
- initially intraperitoneal, became retroperitoneal so only their anterior surface is covered with peritoneum

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9
Q

which abdominal viscera are retroperitoneal?

A

S uprarenal glands
A orta
D uodenum
P ancreas
U reters
C olon
K idneys
E sophagus
R ectum

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10
Q

structure and function of mesentary

A
  • double layer of visceral peritoneum
  • connects intraperitoneal organs to (usually) the posterior abdominal wall
  • pathway for nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics to travel from the body wall to the viscera
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11
Q

structure and function of omentum

A

= sheets of visceral peritoneum that extend from the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to other abdominal organs

greater
- four layers of visceral peritoneum
- from stomach and duodenum, folds back up to transverse colon
= immune and restorative

lesser
- double layer of visceral peritoneum
- from lesser c of stomach to liver

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12
Q

innervation of parasympathetic function of stomach

A

anterior and posterior gastric nerves

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13
Q

innervation of gastric function of stomach

A

coeliac plexus

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14
Q

what connects stomach to liver?

A

lesser omentum

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15
Q

borders of stomach

A

gastroesophageal junction -> pyloric orifice

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16
Q

what region of abdomen are liver and gallbladder in

A

Mainly right hypochondriac and epigastric region

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17
Q

how are liver and gallbladder related to the diaphragm

A

inferior vena cava and hepatic veins

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18
Q

function of falsiform ligament

A

double layer of peritoneum that splits lobes of liver and contains round ligament which was umbilical vein

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19
Q

what is the porta hepatis

A

gap in peritoneum to allow for vasculature and where gallbladder attaches via cystic duct.

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20
Q

what vasculature lies in porta hepatis

A
  • common hepatic duct
  • hepatic portal vein
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21
Q

function of common hepatic duct

A

carries bile from liver to gallbladder

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22
Q

function of hepatic portal vein

A

brings blood from GI to clean and detoxify before going back to heart

23
Q

function of hepatic artery proper

A

supplies liver with oxygenated blood

24
Q

structure of gallbladder

A
  • neck
    • continuous with cystic duct
  • body
  • fundus
25
Q

what abdomen regions are the pancreas in

A

Epigastric region and left hypochondriac region (tail)

26
Q

where is the pancreas in relation to other structures

A
  • Posterior to stomach (in this image, stomach is moved superiorly to show pancreas)
  • Sits within C-shape of duodenum
  • retro peritoneal
  • tail lies in peritoneal ligament = spleenorenal ligament (intraperitoneal)
27
Q

what is the ampulla of vater

A

where bile duct and main pancreatic duct join together

28
Q

function of major duodenal papilla

A

digestive juices enter second part of duodenum

29
Q

function of hepatopancreatic sphincter/oddi

A

controls pancreatic secretions

30
Q

location of pancreatic veins

A

splenic vein - behind pancreas
superior mesenteric vein - behind head and neck of pancreas and combines with splenic to form hepatic portal vein

31
Q

what is the hylum of the spleen

A

where vessels supply/drain spleen

32
Q

what region is the spleen located in

A

left hypochondriac

33
Q

where is the spleen in relation to surrounding structures

A
  • posterior to stomach
  • under cover of left lower floating ribs
  • tail of pancreas may reach hylum of spleen
  • peritoneum forms gastrosplinic ligament which splits and wraps around the spleen
  • intraperitoneal
34
Q

transpyloric plane

A

imaginary plane halfway between the suprasternal notch of the manubrium and the upper border of the symphysis pubis at the level of the first lumbar vertebrae, L1

35
Q

intertubercular plane

A

A lower transverse plane midway between the upper transverse and the upper border of the pubic symphysis

36
Q

abdominal vertical plane

A

mid clavicular line

37
Q

regions of surface anatomy

A

right hypochondrium
epigastric
left hypochondrium
right lumbar
umbilical
left lumbar
right iliac
hypogastric
left iliac

38
Q

4 layers of anterolateral abdominal wall from external to internal

A
  1. skin
  2. superficial fascia
  3. muscles and associated fascia
  4. parietal pariotneum
39
Q

abdominal aponeurosis

A

broad flat tendon which covers the rectus abdominis muscle

40
Q

what is the linea alba

A

fibrous structure that extends from the xiphoid process to pubic symphysis?

41
Q

functions of external obliques

A
  1. contraction bilaterally to cause rotation
  2. contraction with opposite internal oblique to cause rotation
  3. ipsilateral contraction with other abdominal and back muscles to cause lateral flection
42
Q

what are the functions of the internal obliques

A

contraction bilaterally -> anterior flex of trunk
contracts unilaterally -> ipsilateral rotation or lateral flexion

43
Q

what is the muscle called that runs transverse across the abdomen with

A

transverse abdominis

44
Q

what are the two vertical muscles of the abdomen

A

rectus abdominis and pyrimidalis

45
Q

what is the long paired muscle that is found either side of the midline in the abdominal wall

A

rectus abdominis

46
Q

functions of the rectus abdominis

A

compressing abdominal viscera and stabilises pelvis during walking and depresses ribs

47
Q

where are the tendinous intersections at the rectus abdominis

A
  • xiphoid process
  • umbilicous
  • muscles inbetween
48
Q

what is the structure called that is formed by the aponeuroses of the three flat muscles and encloses the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles?

A

rectus sheath

49
Q

what are the arteries that supply blood the the muscles of the abdomen?

A

superior and inferior epigastric arteries

50
Q

2 types of peritoneum

A

parietal
visceral

51
Q

what kind of peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities?

A

parietal

52
Q

what kind of periotenum invaginates to cover the majority of the abdominal viscera

A

visceral

53
Q

intraperitoneal organs

A
  • completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum
  • covers organs both anteriorly and posteriorly
54
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A

only covered in parietal peritoneum, peritoneum only covers their anterior surface

anatomy (15 decks)

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