N4: cranial nerves Flashcards
CN I
olfactory nerve
CN II
optic nerve
CN III
occulomotor nerve
CN IV
trochlear nerve
CN V
trigeminal nerve
CN V1
opthalamic nerve
CN V2
maxillary nerve
CN V3
mandibular nerve
CN VI
abducens nerve
CN VII
facial nerve
CN VIII
vestibulocochlear nerve
CN IX
glossopharangeal nerve
CN X
vagus
CN XI
spinal accessory nerve
CN XII
hypoglossal nerve
where does CNI exit skull
Cribriform plate
where does CNII exit skull
Optic canal
where does CNIII exit skull
Superior orbital fissure
where does CNIV exit skull
Superior orbital fissure
where does CNV1 exit skull
Superior orbital fissure
where does CNV2 exit skull
foramen rotundum
where does CNV3 exit skull
foramen ovale
where does CNVI exit skull
Superior orbital fissure
where does CNVII exit skull
internal acoustic meatus -> stylomastoid fossa
where does CNVIII exit skull
internal acoustic meatus
where does CNIX exit skull
jugular foramen
where does CNX exit skull
jugular foramen
where does CNXI exit skull
jugular foramen
where does CNXII exit skull
hypoglossal canal
olfactory nerve function
sensory -> smell
optic nerve function
sensory -> vision
occulomotor nerve function
motor = skeletal and autonomic
GSM: 4 extrinsic eye muscles and levator palpebrae superioris
GVM: pupillary sphincter
trochlear nerve function
motor = skeletal
Superior oblique muscle of eye
opthalamic nerve function
sensory
Scalp, forehead and nose.
maxillary nerve function
sensory
Cheeks, lower eye lid, nasal mucosa, upper lip, upper teeth and palate.
mandibular nerve function
sensory and motor
GSS: anterior 2/3 tongue, skin over mandible and lower teeth
SVM: muscles of mastication.
abducens nerve function
motor = skeletal
Lateral rectus
facial nerve function
sensory and motor
GSS: sensation to part of ext. ear.SVS: taste from ant. 2/3 tongue, hard and soft palate.
SVM: muscles of facial expression.
GVM: lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands and mucous glands of mouth and nose.
vestibulocochlear nerve function
sensory
hearing and balance
glossopharangeal nerve function
motor and sensory
GSS: post. 1/3 tongue, ext. ear, and middle ear cavity.GVS: carotid body and sinus.
SVS: taste from post. 1/3 tongue.
GVM: parotid gland.
SVM: stylopharyngeus
vagus nerve function
sensory and motor
GSS: ext. ear, larynx and pharynx.GVS: larynx, pharynx and, thoracic & abdominal viscera.
SVS: taste from epiglottis region of tongue
GVM: smooth muscles of pharynx, larynx and most of the GIT.
SVM: most muscles of pharynx and larynx.
spinal accessory nerve function
motor = skeletal + pharangeal
GSM: trapezius and sternocleidomastoid.
SVM: a few fibres run with CNX to viscera.
hypoglossal nerve function
motor = skeletal
Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles (except the palatoglossus).
rules of cranial nerves
- Nuclei are approximately located at the level of where the nerve itself emerges but are drawn on the dorsal surface.
- Each sub-function (Motor, Sensory, Autonomic) must associate with a different nucleus
- Motor is medial, and sensory is lateral (autonomic in between)
where do optic nerves cross?
optic chiasm
anatomical course of oculomotor nerve
oculomotor nucleus (midbrain) -> superior orbital fissure
motor functions of superior branch of oculomotor nerve
Superior rectus – elevates the eyeball
Levator palpabrae superioris – raises the upper eyelid.
motor functions of inferior branch of oculomotor nerve
Inferior rectus – depresses the eyeball
Medial rectus – adducts the eyeball
Inferior oblique – elevates, abducts and laterally rotates the eyeball
structures recieving parasympathetic innervation from the oculomotor nerve
Sphincter pupillae – constricts the pupil, reducing the amount of light entering the eye.
Ciliary muscles – contracts, causes the lens to become more spherical, and thus more adapted to short range vision
