Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy > LL4. knee/ankle/foot > Flashcards

LL4. knee/ankle/foot Flashcards

1
Q

what type of joint is knee joint

A

→ hinge type synoival joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where is knee joint most stable

A
  • Most stable in extension
    • condyles sit better in plateau
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

function of menisci

A

2 menisci on which condyles of femur rest = increases area of contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

function of cruciate ligaments

A

cruciate ligaments bind the femur to tibia to prevent sliding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

function of collateral ligaments and patella

A

further reinforce joint to help quad femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

patella structure

A
  • sesamoid bone
  • sits front of knee joint in patellofemoral groove of femur
  • attaches to quadriceps tendon (s) and patellar ligament (i)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

patella function

A
  1. leg extension = enhances leverage that quad tendon exurts on femur increasing efficiency
  2. protection = protects anterior aspect of knee joint from trauma
  3. reduces friction in tendon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

most common dislocation of patella

A
  • most commonly dislocates laterally
    • because femur is at an angle due to femoral neck
  • vastus medialis and lateral condyle prevents patella moving laterally
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is Patellar ligament and its attachment

A

a continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon distal to the patella.
It attaches to the tibial tuberosity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe the condyles of the femur

A
  • lateral (bigger)
    • acts as resistance to prevent patella moving laterally
  • medial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

function of medial and lateral menisci

A
  • fibrocartilage structures
  • deepen articular surface of tibia to increase stability of joint
  • act as shock absorbers by increasing surface area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

difference between medial and lateral menisci

A
  • medial meniscus
    • wider
    • fixed to the tibial collateral ligament and the joint capsule
    • less mobile
  • lateral meniscus
    • circular
    • smaller
    • does not have any extra attachments, rendering it mobile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which meniscus is fixed to the medial collateral ligament

A

medial = lateral is more mobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

function of medial and lateral collateral ligaments

A
  • extension = taut (tight)
  • prevents side to side movement of tibia on femur
  • stabilise the hinge motion of the knee, preventing excessive medial or lateral movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

difference between medial (tibial) and lateral (fibular) collateral ligaments

A
  • medial (tibial) = wide and flat
    • attachments:
      • medial epicondyle of femur
      • medial miniscus
  • lateral (fibular) = thinner and rounder
    • attachments:
      • lateral epicondyle of femur
      • head of fibula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

function of cruciate ligaments

A

connect femur and tibia and prevent dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

structure and function of ACL

A

from anterior intercondylar area of tibia → medial aspect of lateral femoral condyle

  • prevents anterior dislocation of tibia onto femur
  • Prevents posterior rolling of femur on tibia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what movement would cause damage to ACL

A

force to lateral aspect + medial twist movement = damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

structure and function of PCL

A

from posterior intercondylar area of tibia → lateral aspect of medial femoral condyle

  • prevents proximal dislocation of tibia on femur
  • Prevents anterior rolling of femur on tibia (downhill)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

blood supply to knee joint

A

genicular anastomoses around knee from femoral and popliteal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

function of popliteus

A

lateral condyle → round

Unlocks the knee

Rotates femur laterally

Assists in flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

muscles allowing extension of knee

A

Produced by the quadriceps femoris, which inserts into the tibial tuberosity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

muscles allowing flexion of knee

A

Produced by the hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus

24
Q

muscles allowing lateral rotation of knee

A

Produced by the biceps femoris.

25
Q

muscles allowing medial rotation of knee

A

Produced by five muscles; semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus.

26
Q

articulation at knee joint

A

femoral → tibial condyles

27
Q

tibiofemoral surface

A

surface covered with hyaline cartilage to allow less friction

28
Q

patellofemoral surface

A
  • anteriordistal ends of femur
  • patella sits in groove
  • hyaline cartilage
29
Q

osteoarthritis of knee

A
  • cartilage breaks down due to wear and tear → stiffness
  • damage to ligaments
  • tricompartmental
30
Q

what is knee lock

A

give quads etc rest while keeping body extended

31
Q

ankle joint articulations

A

formed between distal ends of tibia and fibula and talus

32
Q

bones of ankle/foot

A

Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuneiform (MIL)
Cuboid
Metatarsals
Phalanges

33
Q

what keens tendons of foot tight

A

Flexor retinaculum

34
Q

function of arches of foot

A

⇒ Distribute body weight/Shock absorber

35
Q

where is Transverse arch

A

ball of foot

36
Q

where is Medial longitudinal arch

A

between first metatarsal and calcaneous

37
Q

where is Lateral longitudinal arch

A

between 5th metatarsal and calcaneous

38
Q

contents of layer 1 of foot (most superficial)

A

Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi

39
Q

abductor hallucis AOAI

A

layer1
ACTION: abduction and flexion of great toe
ORIGIN: calcaneus/flexor retinaculum/plantar aponeurosis
ATTACHMENT: proximal phalanx of great toe
INNERVATION: medial plantar nerve

40
Q

flexor digitorum brevis AOAI

A

layer1
ACTION: flexion of lateral 4 toes
ORIGIN: calcaneus/plantar aponeurosis
ATTACHMENT: middle phalanges of lateral 4 digits
INNERVATION: medial plantar nerve

41
Q

abductor digiti minimi AOAI

A

layer1
ACTION: abduction and flexion of little toe
ORIGIN: calcaneus/plantar aponeurosis
ATTACHMENT: base of proximal phalanx of pinky toe
INNERVATION: lateral plantar nerve

42
Q

muscles in second layer of foot muscles

A

lumbricals
quadratus plantae

43
Q

quadratus plantae AOAI

A

layer2
ACTION: helps flex lateral toes
ORIGIN: calcaneus/plantar aponeurosis
ATTACHMENT: tendons of flexor digitorum longus
INNERVATION: lateral plantar nerve

44
Q

lumbricals AOAI

A

layer2
ACTION: flexes MTP joints and extends IP joints
ORIGIN: tendons of flexor digitorum longus
ATTACHMENT: extensor hoods of lat 4 digits
INNERVATION: lateral - lateral plantar nerve
medial - medial plantar nerve

45
Q

muscles in third layer of foot

A

flexor hallucis brevis
adductor hallucis
flexor digiti minimi brevis

46
Q

flexor hallucis brevis

A

layer3
ACTION: flexion of great toe at MTP
ORIGIN: bones/posterior tibialis tendon
ATTACHMENT: base of great toe
INNERVATION: medial plantar

47
Q

adductor hallucis

A

layer3
ACTION: adduction of great toe/transverse arch
ORIGIN: bases of metatarsals
ATTACHMENT: base of great toe
INNERVATION: D lateral plantar nerve

48
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis AOAI

A

layer3
ACTION: flexion of little toe at MTP
ORIGIN: base of 5th MT
ATTACHMENT: prox phalanx of 5th digit
INNERVATION: S lateral plantar nerve

49
Q

muscles in fourth layer of foot (deepest)

A

plantar interossei
dorsal interossei

50
Q

plantar interossei AOAI

A

layer4 = 3 muscles
ACTION: adduction of lateral 3 digits/flexion of MTP joints
ORIGIN: medial MT 3-5
ATTACHMENT: medial phalanges 3-5
INNERVATION: lateral plantar nerve

51
Q

dorsal interossei AOAI

A

layer4 = 4 muscles
ACTION: abduction of lateral 4 digits/flexion of MTP joints
ORIGIN: lat MT 3-5
ATTACHMENT: lat phalanges 3-5
INNERVATION: lateral plantar nerve

52
Q

aching and numbness on medial sole of foot

A

medial plantar nerve can become compressed and irritated as it passes deep to the abductor hallucis muscle.

53
Q

what does medial plantar nerve innervate (FAFF)

A
  • flexor hallucis brevis
  • abductor hallucis
  • flexor digitorum brevis
  • first lumbrical
54
Q

what does lateral plantar nerve innervate

A

everything except the faff
- flexor hallucis brevis
- abductor hallucis
- flexor digitorum brevis
- first lumbrical

55
Q

what innervates the heel

A

tibial nerve

56
Q

what innervates medial side of foot (3.5 toes)

A

medial plantar nerve

57
Q

what innervates lateral side of foot (1.5 toes)

A

lateral plantar nerve

anatomy (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions