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anatomy > LL2. posterior thigh and hip joint > Flashcards

LL2. posterior thigh and hip joint Flashcards

1
Q

which muscles cause flexion of hip joint?

A

iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius, pectineus

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2
Q

which muscles cause extension of hip joint?

A

gluteus maximus; semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris (the hamstrings)

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3
Q

which muscles cause abduction of hip joint?

A

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis and tensor fascia latae

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4
Q

which muscles cause adduction of hip joint?

A

adductors longus, brevis and magnus, pectineus and gracilis

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5
Q

which muscles cause lateral rotation of hip joint?

A

biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, piriformis, assisted by the obturators, gemilli and quadratus femoris.

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6
Q

which muscles cause medial rotation of hip joint?

A

anterior fibres of gluteus medius and minimus, tensor fascia latae

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7
Q

what limits flexion of hip

A

depends on whether the knee is flexed – this relaxes the hamstring muscles, and increases the range of flexion.

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8
Q

what limits extension of hip

A

limited by the joint capsule and the iliofemoral ligament. These structures become taut during extension to limit further movement.

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9
Q

general action, innervation and blood supply to gluteal region

A

ACTION: help hold head of femur in socket (acetabulum)

INNERVATION: sacral plexus

BLOOD SUPPLY: gluteal arteries (from internal ileac)

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10
Q

Gluteus maximus origin

A

gluteal surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx

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11
Q

Gluteus maximus innervation

A

Superior gluteal artery

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12
Q

Gluteus maximus action

A

extension of thigh/ lat rotation - force

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13
Q

Gluteus maximus innervation

A

inferior gluteal nerve

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14
Q

Gluteus medius origin

A

gluteal surface of ilium

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15
Q

Gluteus medius insertion

A

lateral surface of greater trochanter

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16
Q

Gluteus medius action

A

abduction/medial rotation/stabilises pelvis

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17
Q

Gluteus medius innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve

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18
Q

Gluteus minimus origin

A

ilium

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19
Q

Gluteus minimus insertion

A

anterior greater trochanter

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20
Q

Gluteus minimus action

A

abduction/medial rotation/stabilises pelvis

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21
Q

Gluteus minimus innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve

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22
Q

Tensor fascia lata origin

A

anterior iliac crest

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23
Q

Tensor fascia lata insertion

A

anterior superior iliac spine/iliotibial tract

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24
Q

Tensor fascia lata action

A

abduction/medial rotation/support

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25
Q

Tensor fascia lata innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve

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26
Q

Piriformis origin

A

anterior surface of sacrum

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27
Q

Piriformis insertion

A

greater trochanter

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28
Q

Piriformis action

A

lateral rotation/abduction

29
Q

Piriformis innervation

A

nerve to piriformis

30
Q

Obturator Internus origin

A

pubis/ischium at obturator foramen

31
Q

Obturator Internus insertion

A

greater trochanter

32
Q

Obturator Internus action

A

lateral rotation/abduction

33
Q

Obturator Internus innervation

A

nerve to obturator internus

34
Q

Gamelli superior origin

A

ischial spine

34
Q

Gamelli inferior origin

A

ischial tuberosity

35
Q

Gamelli insertion

A

greater trochanter

36
Q

Gamelli action

A

lateral rotation and abduction

37
Q

superior gamelli innervation

A

nerve to obturator internus

38
Q

inferior gamelli innervation

A

nerve to quadratus femoris

39
Q

Quadratus femoris origin

A

lateral ischial tuberosity

40
Q

Quadratus femoris insertion

A

quadrate tuberosity on intertrochanteric crest

41
Q

Quadratus femoris action

A

lateral rotation

42
Q

Quadratus femoris innervation

A

nerve to quadratus femoris

43
Q

damage to superior gluteal nerve

A

trendelenburg sign
pelvic drop

44
Q

general action of posterior thigh muscles

A

extensors of hip joint and flexors of knee joint/medial rotation

45
Q

blood supply to posterior thigh

A

branches of deep femoral artery and gluteal arteries

46
Q

muscles of posterior thigh

A

adductor magnus
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semi-membranosus

47
Q

Biceps Femoris origin

A

Long head = ischial tuberosity
Short head = linea aspera

48
Q

Biceps Femoris insertion

A

head of fibula

49
Q

Biceps Femoris action

A

knee flexion/hip extension/lateral rotation

50
Q

Biceps Femoris innervation

A

Long head = tibial sciatic nerve
Short head = Cfibular sciatic nerve

51
Q

Semitendinosus origin

A

ischial tuberosity of pelvis

52
Q

Semitendinosus insertion

A

medial surface of tibia

53
Q

Semitendinosus action

A

knee flexion/hip extension/medial rotation

54
Q

Semitendinosus innervation

A

tibial sciatic nerve

55
Q

Semi-Membranosus origin

A

ischial tuberosity

56
Q

Semi-Membranosus insertion

A

medial tibial condyle

57
Q

Semi-Membranosus action

A

knee flexion/hip extension/medial rotation

58
Q

Semi-Membranosus innervation

A

tibial sciatic nerve

59
Q

features of hip joint

A
  • femoral head inserts into acetabulum supported by ligaments
  • more stable than shoulder, less mobile
60
Q

intracapsular ligaments supporting hip joint

A

ligament of head of femur = encloses branch of obturator artery

61
Q

extracapsular ligaments supporting hip joint

A

Ilio-femoral ligament
Pubo-femoral ligament
Ischio-femoral ligament

62
Q

Ilio-femoral ligament features and action

A
  • from ant/inf iliac spine to intertrochanteric line
  • Y shaped
  • prevents hyperextension of hip joint
63
Q

Pubo-femoral ligament features and action

A
  • superior pubic rami → intertrochanteric line
  • triangle shape
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension
64
Q

Ischio-femoral ligament features and action

A
  • ischium → greater trochanter
  • spiral shape
  • prevents hyperextension and supports head
65
Q

arterial supply of hip joint

A
  • medial and lateralcircumflex femoral arteries
    = branches of deep femoral artery
  • artery to head of femur
  • superior/inferior gluteal arteries
66
Q

Damage to the medial circumflex femoral artery results in

A

Damage to the medial circumflex femoral artery can result inavascular necrosis of the femoral head

67
Q

innervation of hip joint

A
  • sciatic nerve
  • femoral nerve
  • obturator nerve
68
Q

blood supply to femur and the effect of fracture

A
  • blood supply to the head and neck of the femur is primarily from an arterial ring formed around the base of the femoral neck
  • A fracture of the femoral neck can tear these blood vessels as they travel along the femoral neck and result in avascular necrosis

anatomy (15 decks)

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