LL2. posterior thigh and hip joint Flashcards
which muscles cause flexion of hip joint?
iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius, pectineus
which muscles cause extension of hip joint?
gluteus maximus; semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris (the hamstrings)
which muscles cause abduction of hip joint?
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis and tensor fascia latae
which muscles cause adduction of hip joint?
adductors longus, brevis and magnus, pectineus and gracilis
which muscles cause lateral rotation of hip joint?
biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, piriformis, assisted by the obturators, gemilli and quadratus femoris.
which muscles cause medial rotation of hip joint?
anterior fibres of gluteus medius and minimus, tensor fascia latae
what limits flexion of hip
depends on whether the knee is flexed – this relaxes the hamstring muscles, and increases the range of flexion.
what limits extension of hip
limited by the joint capsule and the iliofemoral ligament. These structures become taut during extension to limit further movement.
general action, innervation and blood supply to gluteal region
ACTION: help hold head of femur in socket (acetabulum)
INNERVATION: sacral plexus
BLOOD SUPPLY: gluteal arteries (from internal ileac)
Gluteus maximus origin
gluteal surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx
Gluteus maximus innervation
Superior gluteal artery
Gluteus maximus action
extension of thigh/ lat rotation - force
Gluteus maximus innervation
inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius origin
gluteal surface of ilium
Gluteus medius insertion
lateral surface of greater trochanter
Gluteus medius action
abduction/medial rotation/stabilises pelvis
Gluteus medius innervation
superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus minimus origin
ilium
Gluteus minimus insertion
anterior greater trochanter
Gluteus minimus action
abduction/medial rotation/stabilises pelvis
Gluteus minimus innervation
superior gluteal nerve
Tensor fascia lata origin
anterior iliac crest
Tensor fascia lata insertion
anterior superior iliac spine/iliotibial tract
Tensor fascia lata action
abduction/medial rotation/support
Tensor fascia lata innervation
superior gluteal nerve
Piriformis origin
anterior surface of sacrum
Piriformis insertion
greater trochanter
Piriformis action
lateral rotation/abduction
Piriformis innervation
nerve to piriformis
Obturator Internus origin
pubis/ischium at obturator foramen
Obturator Internus insertion
greater trochanter
Obturator Internus action
lateral rotation/abduction
Obturator Internus innervation
nerve to obturator internus
Gamelli superior origin
ischial spine
Gamelli inferior origin
ischial tuberosity
Gamelli insertion
greater trochanter
Gamelli action
lateral rotation and abduction
superior gamelli innervation
nerve to obturator internus
inferior gamelli innervation
nerve to quadratus femoris
Quadratus femoris origin
lateral ischial tuberosity
Quadratus femoris insertion
quadrate tuberosity on intertrochanteric crest
Quadratus femoris action
lateral rotation
Quadratus femoris innervation
nerve to quadratus femoris
damage to superior gluteal nerve
trendelenburg sign
pelvic drop
general action of posterior thigh muscles
extensors of hip joint and flexors of knee joint/medial rotation
blood supply to posterior thigh
branches of deep femoral artery and gluteal arteries
muscles of posterior thigh
adductor magnus
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semi-membranosus
Biceps Femoris origin
Long head = ischial tuberosity
Short head = linea aspera
Biceps Femoris insertion
head of fibula
Biceps Femoris action
knee flexion/hip extension/lateral rotation
Biceps Femoris innervation
Long head = tibial sciatic nerve
Short head = Cfibular sciatic nerve
Semitendinosus origin
ischial tuberosity of pelvis
Semitendinosus insertion
medial surface of tibia
Semitendinosus action
knee flexion/hip extension/medial rotation
Semitendinosus innervation
tibial sciatic nerve
Semi-Membranosus origin
ischial tuberosity
Semi-Membranosus insertion
medial tibial condyle
Semi-Membranosus action
knee flexion/hip extension/medial rotation
Semi-Membranosus innervation
tibial sciatic nerve
features of hip joint
- femoral head inserts into acetabulum supported by ligaments
- more stable than shoulder, less mobile
intracapsular ligaments supporting hip joint
ligament of head of femur = encloses branch of obturator artery
extracapsular ligaments supporting hip joint
Ilio-femoral ligament
Pubo-femoral ligament
Ischio-femoral ligament
Ilio-femoral ligament features and action
- from ant/inf iliac spine to intertrochanteric line
- Y shaped
- prevents hyperextension of hip joint
Pubo-femoral ligament features and action
- superior pubic rami → intertrochanteric line
- triangle shape
- prevents excessive abduction and extension
Ischio-femoral ligament features and action
- ischium → greater trochanter
- spiral shape
- prevents hyperextension and supports head
arterial supply of hip joint
- medial and lateralcircumflex femoral arteries
= branches of deep femoral artery - artery to head of femur
- superior/inferior gluteal arteries
Damage to the medial circumflex femoral artery results in
Damage to the medial circumflex femoral artery can result inavascular necrosis of the femoral head
innervation of hip joint
- sciatic nerve
- femoral nerve
- obturator nerve
blood supply to femur and the effect of fracture
- blood supply to the head and neck of the femur is primarily from an arterial ring formed around the base of the femoral neck
- A fracture of the femoral neck can tear these blood vessels as they travel along the femoral neck and result in avascular necrosis
