N1. skull and foramina

Question 1

what is the calotte

Answer 1

(skull cap)

Question 2

what is the neurocranium

Answer 2

(brain region)

Question 3

what is the cranium

Answer 3

(everything except the mandible)

Question 4

what is the Mandible

Answer 4

jaw

Question 5

functions of skull

Answer 5

• articulates with superior facets of C1 vertebrae -> head movement
• protects brain
• supports fleshy facial structures
• anchor apparatus for mastication

Question 6

regions of skull

Answer 6

Regions of skull:

• Calotte
  (skull cap) – image 4
• Neurocranium
  (brain region) – image 3
• Cranium
  (everything except the mandible) – image 2
• Mandible
  (jaw) – included in image 1
• Skull (all
  of the above) – image 1

Question 7

8 bones that make up neurocranium

Answer 7

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
ethmoid
sphenoid
juvenile

Question 8

bones of the viscerocranium

Answer 8

maxillae = upper dentition
zygomatic = cheekbones
palatine = roof of mouth
lacrimal = tear ducts
nasal = either side of nose bridge
nasal conchae = terminals to collect mucus
mandible = jaw
juvenile bones

Question 9

auditary ossicles

Answer 9

Incus (‘anvil’)

Malleus (‘hammer’)

Stapes (‘stirrup’)
Located within middle ear (temporal bone)

Question 10

hyoid bone

Answer 10

Sits within the throat inferior to the mandible.
No bony articulation, only has muscular attachments
immature = greater horns and body are separate during early life

Question 11

what are sutures of cranium

Answer 11

Adult sutures are where the bones of the cranium ‘articulate’ (fibrous joint/synarthrosis)

Question 12

at are the 6 major sutures

Answer 12

coronal
sagittal
lambdoid
l/r squamosal
sphenofrontal
metopic

Question 13

where is the coronal suture

Answer 13

between the frontal, and the two parietal bones

Question 14

where is the sagittal suture

Answer 14

between the two parietal bones

Question 15

where is the lambdoid suture

Answer 15

between the occipital and parietal bones

Question 16

where is the L/R squamosal suture

Answer 16

where the temporal articulates with the frontal, parietal, and occipital bones

Question 17

where is the sphenofrontal suture

Answer 17

between the sphenoid and frontal bones

Question 18

where is metopic suture

Answer 18

between unfused left and right frontal bones

Question 19

what are the 4 paired sinuses

Answer 19

• frontal
• ethmoidal
• maxillary
• sphenoid sinus

Question 20

where is frontal sinus

Answer 20

between eyebrows

Question 21

where is ethmoidal sinus

Answer 21

behind eyes/nose

Question 22

where is maxillary sinus

Answer 22

sides of nose -> cheeks

Question 23

where is sphenoid sinus

Answer 23

behind nose, deep to ethmoid

Question 24

where does CNI leave the skull

Answer 24

olfactory sensory nerve leaves the skull via cribiform plate

Question 25

where does CNII leave the skull

Answer 25

optic sensory nerve leaves skull via optic canal (part of sphenoid bone)

Question 26

where does CNIII leave the skull

Answer 26

oculomotor nerve leaves skull via superior orbital fissure

Question 27

where does CNIV leave the skull

Answer 27

trochlear motor nerve leaves skull via superior orbital fissure

Question 28

where does CNV1 leave the skull

Answer 28

opthalamic nerve leaves skull via superior orbital fissure

Question 29

where does CNV2 leave the skull

Answer 29

maxillary nerve leaves skull via foramen rotundem

Question 30

where does CNV3 leave the skull

Answer 30

mandibular nerve leaves skull via foramen ovale

Question 31

where does CNVI leave the skull

Answer 31

abducens motor nerve leaves skull via superior orbital fissure

Question 32

where does CNVII leave the skull

Answer 32

facial motor nerve leaves skull via internal acoustic meatus

Question 33

where does CNVIII leave the skull

Answer 33

vestibulaocochlear sensory nerve leaves skull via internal acoustic meatus

Question 34

where does CNIX leave the skull

Answer 34

glossopharangeal nerve leaves skull via jugular foramen

Question 35

where does CNX leave the skull

Answer 35

vagus nerve leaves skull via jugular foramen

Question 36

where does CNXI leave the skull

Answer 36

accessory nerve leaves skull via jugular foramen

Question 37

where does CNXII leave the skull

Answer 37

hypoglossal nerve leaves skull via hypoglossal canal