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Microbiology 484 > Mycobacterium > Flashcards

Mycobacterium Flashcards

1
Q

Cell wall structure of Mycobacterium

A

Comprised of peptidoglycan complex & 60% lipids

60% lipids are comprised of mycolic acids, cord factor, was D

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2
Q

Mycolic acid

A

Unique alpha branching lipid that is highly hydrophobic, creating a lipid shell

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3
Q

Cord factor

A

serpentine cord that is toxic & causes inhibition of PMN’s

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4
Q

Wax d

A

Cell envelope

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5
Q

Temp pattern commonly seen with tuberculosis infections

A

Skin - 30 C
Lungs 37 C
42 C for Mycobacterium xenopi

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6
Q

Acid fast organisms

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium avium

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7
Q

What is meant by “acid fast”?

A

Resists decolorization with up to 3% hydrochloric acid & some also resist decolorizatin with 95% ethanol

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8
Q

Ziehl-Neelson method of staining

A

Uses heat to get the primary stain into the cell wall of organism

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9
Q

Kinyon method of staining

A

Uses the detergent phenol to get the primary stain into the cell wall of org

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10
Q

Multiple drug resistant TB

A

Org is resistant to at least one of the two of the anti TB drugs, either isoniazid/rifampin/or both.
May be necessary to use amikacin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin

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11
Q 
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Rifapentine
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
A

First line of treatment for TB

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12
Q 
Clycloserine
Ethionamide
Levofloxacin
Gatifloxacin
Streptomycin
Amikacin/Rahamycin
Capreomycin
p-Aminosaliclic acid
A

Second line of treatment for TB

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13
Q

Initial treatment

A

8 week treatment with isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide

Depending on dosage, some therapy regiments can be reduced to a shorter time.

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14
Q

Continuation of treatment

A

Can be additional 18 weeks with antimicrobials from the second line of drugs.
100% of patients are under direct observation therapy

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15
Q

M. tuberculosis morphology

A

Rough cords

Slow grower

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16
Q 
Heat stable catalase = 
Nitrate + 
Niacin + 
NaCl = 
Tween 80 hydrolysis = 
Urease +
A

M. tuberculosis test ID

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17
Q

M. avium complex morphology

A

Smooth/rough, translucent

slow grower

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18
Q 
Heat stable catalase:  w +
Nitrate +
Niacin +
NaCl = 
Tween 80 hydrolysis = 
Urease +
A

M. avium test ID

19
Q

M. kansasii morphology

A

Smooth/rough

Slow grower

20
Q 
Heat stable catalase +
Nitrate +
Niacin = 
NaCl = 
Tween 80 hydrolysis = 
Urease +
A

M. kansasii test ID

21
Q

M. fortuitum morphology

A

Smooth

Rapid grower

22
Q 
Heat stable + 
Nitrate + 
Niacin =
NaCl +
Tween 80 hydrolysis + 
Urease +
A

M. fortuitum test ID

23
Q

M. leprae morphology

A

Cannot get to grow

24
Q

Runyon classification of nonchromagenic

A

Colonies are buff colored

25
Runyon classification of photochromogens
Species that produce carotene pigment with light
26
Runyon classification of scotochromogens
Produce pigment in light or dark
27
What is the Mycobacterium species that has been isolated in increasing numbers since the advent of AIDS?
Mycobacterium avium complex
28
What disease is caused by Hansen's bacillus?
Leprosy --> Mycobacterium leprae
29
Auramine-rhodamin fluorochrome stain
More sensitive than the carbofuchsin stains Can be screened on a lower magnification Min of 300 fields Org appears yellow-orange against a dark background
30
BACTEC method for culturing Mycobacterium
radiometric culture system. Isolation, susceptibility testing & an inhibitor to only allow M. tuberculosis to be detected. org may be isolated within 3 weeks
31
PCR method for culturing Mycobacterium
Now becoming available for use
32
Specimen collection for M. tuberculosis
Respiratory secretions most common, first morning specimens seem to be most concentrated. Gastric, urine, stool, blood, CSF, tissue samples are also seen
33
M. kansasii clinical significance
Pulmonary disease of upper lobes, usually with cavitation & scarring
34
M. kansasii medthod of ID
Photochromogen, catalase +, nitrate +
35
M. fortuitum-chelonae clinical significance
Variety of infections of skin, lungs, bone, CNS
36
M. fortuitum-chelonae method of differentiation
Both are rapid growers | Nitrate =
37
M. bovis clinical significance
Disease manifestation looks like M. tuberculosis in patient, grows more slowly
38
M. bovis method of differentiation
Niacin =, nitrate =, don't grow in TCH
39
M. avium clinical significance
Usually appears as a lung disease
40
M. avium method of differentiation
Outcome is unpredictable. | Disseminated in immunosuppressed patients
41
Medium used for iso of Mycobacterium
Egg based media - Lowenstein-Jensen, ATS, Petragnan | Contain malachite green to inhibit NF, pH between 6.5-6.8, need increased humidity
42
Serum/agar based medium used for iso of Mycobacterium
7H10 & 7H11 agars
43
Liquid media used for iso of Mycobacterium
BACTEC systems

Microbiology 484 (15 decks)

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