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Microbiology 484 > Gram Positive Bacilli > Flashcards

Gram Positive Bacilli Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

General characteristics of Cornybacterium

A

Pleomorphic gram pos rods, nonspore forming

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2
Q

Diptheria toxin

A

Produced by bacteriophage that block protein synthesis

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3
Q

Media used for C. diphtheriae

A

Loeffler’s serum agar

Cystine-tellurite blood agar (CBTA)

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4
Q

Elek test

A

Immunodiffusion test in which lines of precipitation are produced between toxin produced by org & the purchased antitoxin.
-If pos control precipitation & unknown precipitation lines meet in an arch, then pos for toxin

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5
Q

Metachromatic areas of the Corynebacterium

A

Babe’s-Ernst granules or nutrient reserves

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6
Q

What are the metachromatic areas of the Corynebacterium stained with?

A

Stained using methylene blue

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7
Q

What is the common name for the other species of Corynebacterium, other than diphtheria?

A

diphtheroids

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8
Q

jeikeium, pseudohiphtheriticum, pseudotuberculosis, striatum, ulcerans, urealyticum, xerosis

A

7 other species of Corynebacteriu that have been implicated with patients who are immunocompromised

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9
Q

Clinical significance of Listeria monocytogenes

A

Attacks primarily immunocompromised, pregnant women (causing premature labor of still born child), neonates

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10
Q

Listeria monocytogenes macroscopic on plate

A

Narrow ring of beta hemolysis on SBA, similar to Strep agalactiae

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11
Q 
Halophilic
Tumbling motility in hanging drop test
CAMP test with block hemolysis
BE & hippurate hydrolysis +
can grow @ 4 C
A

Listeria monocytogenes biochemical characteristics

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12
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae clinical significance

A

Source: domestic swine - infection through scratches on skin

Characteristic lesions

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13
Q

Gram pos, nonspore forming, pleomorphic rod
H2S production
Non motile
Indole & catalase pos

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae characteristics

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14
Q

Where is Lactobacillus NF?

A

Mouth, GI tract, female genital tract

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15
Q

Clinical significance of Bacillus anthracis (Cutaneous)

A

Acquired through cuts in hand
Small pimple/papule appears 2-3 days post exposure followed by necrotic eschar
Untreated has 20% mortality rate

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16
Q

Clinical significance of Bacillus anthracis (pulmonary)

A

Spores are inhaled, alveolar macrophages ingest spores & take them to lymphnodes

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17
Q

Primary symptoms of pulmonary anthracis

A

2-3 days post inhalation, patients present with shortness of breath, fever, headaches, cough

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18
Q

Secondary symptoms of pulmonary antrhacis

A

Worsening cough, fever, edema, shock, & 1/2 of patients lead to meningeal symptoms, of which death occurs within 3 days

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19
Q

Clinical significance of Bacillus anthracis (gastrointestinal infection)

A

Caused by ingestion of spores
<1% of cases worldwide
Symptoms are based on site of infection
Mortality thought to be 100%

20
Q

Virulence factors of B. anthracis

A

Spores
Capsule
Exotoxins

21
Q

B. anthracis spores

A

Allows it to survive in harsh conditions for years

22
Q

B. anthracis exotoxins

A

Edema toxin + protective factor = edema

Lethal toxin + protective factor = death

23
Q

B. anthracis morphology

A

No hemolysis - white colony with whirling projections (Medusa head)
Large gram pos rod/spore/bamboo shoots

24
Q

B. anthracis biochemical tests

A

Cat pos, string of pearls

25
Q

Treatment of B. anthracis

A

Ciprofloxicin

26
Q

B. anthracis string of pearls

A

Inoculate org on agar containing penicillin.

After 3-6 hours @ 37 C, gram stain will show large spherical bacilli in chains

27
Q

Clinical significance of B. cereus

A

Common cause of food poisoning, caused by exotoxin

Can cause ocular infections

28
Q

B. cereus emetic toxin

A

Heat stable enterotoxin

Typically caused by rice tables incubating for 6-8 hours

29
Q

B. cereus diarrheal toxin

A

Heat labile enterotoxin

Typically caused by meat & veggie incubation for 9-12 hours

30
Q

B. cereus biochemical ID

A

Biochemically opposite of B. anthracis

Resistant to penicillin (unlike B. anthracis)

31
Q

Nocardia morphology

A

Branched hyphae-looking pos rods
colony takes 7 days to grow
Bread crumb colony

32
Q

Nocardia clinical significance

A

Pulmonary & cutaneous infections in immunosuppressed

Draining sinuses form cutaneous lesions may contain sulfur granules

33
Q

Nocardia ID test

A

Partial acid fast

34
Q

Actinomadura clinical significance

A

Causes mycetoma

35
Q

Actinomadura ID test

A

negative acid fast stain

similar to Nocardia

36
Q

Streptomyces clinical significance

A

Similar to Nocardia & actinomycetes

37
Q

Streptomyces ID test

A

ID by reference lab

38
Q

What biochemical test differentiates Listeria from Corynebacterium?

A

Bile Esculin

39
Q

What appearance does the saprophytic Bacillus species have on a BPA?

A

large gray colony, beta hemolysis, dull ground glass appearance

40
Q

Corynebacterium gram stain

A

pleomorphic small pos rods

41
Q

Bacillus gram stain

A

Large, thick rods

42
Q

Lactobacillus gram stain

A

Chaining pos rods, spiral forms coccobacilli

43
Q

Erysipelothrix gram stain

A

Pleomorphic, longer, filamentous

44
Q

Listeria gram stain

A

Coccobacillus

45
Q

Nocardia gram stain

A

Branching-fungus looking

Microbiology 484 (15 decks)

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