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Pharm > Mycobacterial drugs, Antiparasitics, Antifungals > Flashcards

Mycobacterial drugs, Antiparasitics, Antifungals Flashcards

1
Q

PPD test or blood test positive, normal CXR, sputum smear negative, no sx - what type of TB?

A

latent TB Infection (not infectious)

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2
Q

PPD+, abnormal CXR, sputum smear pos, presents with cough, fever, weight loss

A

TB disease (Active)

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3
Q

drug that inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid

A

isoniazid

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4
Q

mechanisms of resistance for isoniazid

A
  1. lack of prodrug activation: mutated KAT G gene

2. overexpression of Inh A protein (mycolic acid synthesis)

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5
Q

people who are slow acetylators (slow metabolism) are at greater risk for what when taking isoniazid?

A

more prone to develop toxicity–>peripheral neuropathy

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6
Q

peripheral neuropathy and drug induced hepatitis are associated with what anti TB drug?

A

isoniazid,

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7
Q

which anti TB drug exerts its effect by inhibtiing RNA synthesis?

A

rifampin

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8
Q

GI disturbances, HA, dizziness, fatigue, hepatitis, red-orange urine/feces/sweat/tears/saliva are associaetd with?

A

rifampin

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9
Q

what drug should rifampin be substituted with in HIV+ patients?

A

rifabutin

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10
Q

what is a synthestic analogue of nicotinamide, a prodrug, and dependent on acidic environment?

A

pyrazinamide

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11
Q

SE: hepatotoxicity, hyperuricemia

A

pyrazinamide

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12
Q

drug that inhibits arabinosyl transferase, and is effective against active TB & MAC infxns

A

ethambutol

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13
Q

AE: retrobulbar neuritis, hyperuricemia

A

ethambutol

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14
Q

preferred regimen for active TB?

A

INITIAL PHASE: isoniazid + Rifampin + Ethambutol + Pyrazinamide
CONTINUATION PHASE: isoniazid + Rifampin

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15
Q

preferred tx for latent TB?

A

isoniazid or rifampin

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16
Q

what is one of the first drugs used when person is resistant to IREP?

A

streptomycin

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17
Q

SE: ototoxicity (vertigo + hearing loss), nephrotoxicity

A

streptomycin

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18
Q

which drug has a better activity against MAC organisms than rifampin?

A

rifabutin

19
Q

tx for MAC?

A

macrolide antibiotic + rifampin + ethambutol

20
Q

tx for leprosy?

A

dapsone + clofazimine + riframpin

21
Q

MOA: PFOR (convert pyruvate to acetyl CoA) activates prodrug under anaerobic conditions–>inhib protein/DNA synth

A

metronidazole

22
Q

what drug can be used to f/u tx of metronidazole to kill off the cysts of amebiasis?

A

iodoquionol or paramomycin

23
Q

HIV+, profuse watery diarrhea, from water submersion…what pathogen and how to tx?

A

pathogen: cryptosporidium parvum,
tx: Nitazoxanide

24
Q

contrast MOA of metronidazole + nitazoxanide

A

metronidazole: relies upon PFOR activates prodrug
nitazoxanide: inhibits PFOR

25
Q

how to tx toxo?

A

Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazine

26
Q

how to tx PCP?

A

TMP-SMX

27
Q

which antimalarial can induce hemolytic anemia, esp in those with G6PD deficiency?

A

primaquine

28
Q

which component of malarone works by inhibiting DHFR?

A

proguanil

29
Q

which drug is commonly usef to tx river blindness?

A

ivermectin

30
Q

which Benzimidazoles has more efficient absorption, and can be used to tx cutaneous larval migrans, and strongyloidiasis?

A

Thiabendazole

31
Q

what is the drug of choice for treating any type of fluke infection?

A

praziquantel

32
Q

what unique characteristics do fungi have that can be targeted by drugs?

A
  1. ergosterol instead of cholesterol

2. fungal cell cell with glucans

33
Q

what antifungal has the broadest spectrum of activity?

A

amphotericin B

34
Q

how are liposomal packaged amphotericin B less toxic?

A

less interaction of drug with mammalian cell membreanes–>decr toxicity

35
Q

how do azoles function?

A

they all inhibit ergosterol synthesis

36
Q

what is the tx of choice for aspergillosis?

A

voriconazole

37
Q

what is flucytosine used to tx?

A

in combo tx for severe cryptococcal meningitis, some candida

38
Q

what type of fungi are echinocandins most effective against?

A

those with high amt of beta glucans in cell wall

39
Q

which antifungal becomes highly concentrated in hair, skin, and nails?

A

griseofulvin, terbinafine

40
Q

what is the 1st line tx of onchomycosis?

A

terbinafine

41
Q

which antifungals are available in topical preparations?

A

nystatin, clotrimazole, micronazole, terbinafine, naftifine

42
Q

unlike IREP, what is the cellular penetration of streptomycin

A

penetrates cells poorly–>only effective extracellularly

43
Q

iodoquinol and paromomycin are effective in eliminating e. histolytica from where?

A

the LUMEN of the intestine (NOT tissue)

Pharm (20 decks)

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