Herbals

Question 1

what is pharmocognosy?

Answer 1

the study of natural product molec and their medicinal uses

Question 2

what does the GMP mandate?

Answer 2

(1) manufacturers must evaluate identity, purity, strength, composition of products.
(2) must report adverse effects

Question 3

what herbal supplement reduces incidence and severity of common cold & inflammation?

Answer 3

echinacea

Question 4

what herbal reduces HTN?

Answer 4

garlic

Question 5

cognitive decline?

Answer 5

ginkgo

Question 6

benign prostatic hypertrophy?

Answer 6

st John’s wort

Question 7

what do animal models show about echinacea?

Answer 7

1. immune modulating–>incr cytokine production
2. anti inflammatory–>inhibs COX
3. incr # immunological blood cells

Question 8

what do animal models show about ginkgo?

Answer 8

1. cerebral cortex 5HT1A receptors decr with aging–>tx for 3-4 weeks restores receptor density

Question 9

what is the standardized extract for ginkgo?

Answer 9

Egb761

Question 10

what are the primary intended uses of garlic?

Answer 10

1. atherosclerosis
2. high cholesterol
3. HTN

Question 11

how does allicin work against high cholesterol?

Answer 11

inhibits HMG-CoA reductase

Question 12

how does allicin work against HTN?

Answer 12

enhances fibrinolytic activity, has antioxidant effects, decr in plaque accumulation

Question 13

garlic effect on HTN?

Answer 13

clinical trial suggest reduction in systolic & diastolic pressures

Question 14

potential MOA of garlic on HTN?

Answer 14

1. inhibits ACE–>decr vasoconstriction
2. incr NO bioavailbility–>enhanced vasodilation
3. incr H2S production–>enhanced vasodilation

Question 15

garlic adverse effects?

Answer 15

increased bleeding–>discontinue use 7 days before surgery

Question 16

what is the primary intended use of ginseng?

Answer 16

support overall health and boost immune system, boost stamina, mental & physical performance

Question 17

what is the secondary intended use of ginseng?

Answer 17

1. lower blood glu

2. ED

Question 18

adverse effects of ginseng?

Answer 18

CNS stimulation, HTN, lowers blood glu

Question 19

primary intended use of milk thistle?

Answer 19

liver disease

Question 20

what is st john’s wort used for?

Answer 20

antidepressant

Question 21

MOA of st john’s wort?

Answer 21

inhibits reuptake of serotonin

Question 22

compare st john’s wort to antidepressants

Answer 22

it is AS effective as antidepressants, with less side effects

Question 23

AE: induces hepatic CYP enzymes & P-glycoprotein drug transporter–>decr serum concentrations of other drugs - what herbal drugs?

Answer 23

st. john’s wort

Question 24

AE of st John’s wort?

Answer 24

1. hypomania, mania,
2. withdrawal sx,
3. cannot be combined with other reuptake inhibs,
4. interferes with CYP-enzymes

Question 25

primary use of glucosamine and chondroitin?

Answer 25

osteoarthritis (reduce degradation of cartilage)

Question 26

which herbal supplement should not be used in men/women attempting to conceive?

Answer 26

melatonin

Question 27

what are some herbal tx of migraines?

Answer 27

1. butterbur

2. feverfew

Question 28

what is coenzyme Q?

Answer 28

1. mitochonidrial cofactor in ETC
2. protects cell membrane
3. levels decer with age

Question 29

primary use of CoQ10

Answer 29

reduction of statin-induced myopathy

Question 30

primary intended use of fish oil

Answer 30

1. hypertriglyceridemia

2. CV disease

Question 31

AE: seizures - what herbal drug?

Answer 31

ginkgo

Question 32

immune modulating drugs are?

Answer 32

echinacea, ginseng