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MYCO Flashcards

1
Q

(Chytrids)

A

Chytridiomycota

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2
Q

(Yeast and Sac fungi)

A

. Ascomycota

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2
Q

bread molds)

A

Zygomycota

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2
Q

FUNGAL FORMS

A
  1. Yeasts
  2. Molds
  3. Mushrooms
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3
Q

(club fungi)

A

Basidiomycota

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4
Q

The study of fungi that impacts human health

A

MEDICAL MYCOLOGY

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4
Q

Fungal infection involving only the skin and/or Hair

A

SUPERFICIAL

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4
Q

– A chronic,
superficial fungal disease of the skin characterized by well
demarcated white, pink, fawn, or brownish scaly lesions.

A

. Pityriasis versicolor/ Tinea Versicolor –

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5
Q
  • Lacks immune response from host
  • No living tissue invaded
  • Asymptomatic
A
  1. SUPERFICIAL
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5
Q

. Pityriasis versicolor/ Tinea Versicolor Etiological Agent-

A

Malassezia species

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6
Q

Characterized by appearance, primarily on
palms of the hand and occasionally the plantar and the other
surfaces of the skin as brown to black non-scaly macules

A

b. Tinea nigra

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7
Q

White Piedra Etiologic Agent-

A

Trichosporon spp.

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7
Q

b. Tinea nigra Etiologic Agent-

A

Hortaea werneckii (Exophiala
werneckii, Phaeoannellomyces werneckii,
Cladosporum werneckii

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8
Q

Fungal infection of the hair shaft with soft
greyish nodules

A

White Piedra

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8
Q

d. Black Piedra Etiologic Agent-

A

Piedraia hortaea

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9
Q

chronic localized disease of the skin
and subcutaneous tissues, characterized by crusted, warty
lesions usually involving the limbs.

A

Chromoblastomycosis

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9
Q

hard black nodules on the shafts of the
scalps, beard, and pubic hair/ - does not penetrate hair follicle, scalp hair are rough and
sandy

A

d. Black Piedra

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9
Q

. Sporotrichosis caused by?

A

Sporothrix schenckii

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9
Q
  • fungal infection involving only the skin, hair and nails - pathological changes and inflammatory response occur in
    the host. - Symptomatic
A

CUTANEOUS

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9
Q

Manifestations: Ulcer discharging viscous, purulent fluid with
varying size granules

A

mycetoma

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9
Q

Rose gardener’s disease

A

. Sporotrichosis-

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9
Q
  • chronic, slowly progressive granulomatous
    infection. - Infection in subcutaneous or skin tissue -
    Maduramycosis or Madura Foot
A

a. Mycetoma-

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9
Q

also called Tinea or Ringworm - Disease of the nails, hair, and skin caused by
filamentous fungi called Dermatophytes

A

a. Dermatophytosis –

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10
Q

Chronic, localized infections of the skin and subcutaneous
tissue following traumatic implantation of causative agent - Agents of subcutaneous mycoses usually inhabit the soil - caused by fungi with saprophytic existence in nature.

A

SUBCUTANEOUS

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10
Q

Chronic subcutaneous lesions - Does NOT produce sclerotic bodies

A

Phaeohyphomycosis-

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10
Q

Chromoblastomycosis etiologic agents

A

Cladophialophora carrionii,
Fonsecaea species complex Phialophora verrucosa

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10
Q
  • Subcutaneous noduloulcerative lesions
A

. Sporotrichosis-

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10
Q

hronic subepidermal infection - Characterized by Keloidalm Verrucois, Nodular
lesions

A

e. Lobomycosis-

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11
Q

e. Lobomycosis causative agent

A

Lacazia loboi

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11
Q

an intracellular mycotic infection of the
reticuloendothelial system

A

Histoplasmosis

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12
Q

Fungal infections that invade the deep organs

A
  1. SYSTEMIC
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12
Q
  • Predominantly affect people with immunocompromising
    conditions, however, some mycoses known as the endemic
    mycoses can cause disease in healthy individuals.
A
  1. SYSTEMIC
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13
Q

two types of systemic infection

A

dimorphic, oppurtunistic

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13
Q

a. Blastomycosis
Clinical Manifestations-

A

o Pulmonary Blastomycosis
o Cutaneous Blastomycosis
o Osteoarticular Blastomycosis

14
Q

. Blastomycosis EA?

A

Blastomycoses dermatitidis

14
Q

initially a respiratory infection that
mat progress to a chronic pulmonary condition to a systemic
disease involving meninges, bones, joints, and subcutaneous
and cutaneous tissues.

A

Coccidioidomycosis

15
Q

Coccidioidomycosis EA?

A

: Coccidioides immitis

16
Q

Histoplasmosis- most common variant

A

Var. capsulatum

16
Q

Histoplasmosis Lymphangitis
in horse

A

Var. Farciminosum-

16
Q

Histoplasmosis african type

A

Var. Duboisii-

17
Q

. Paracoccidioidomycosis
Clinical Manifestations:

A

o Pulmonary Paracoccidioidomycosis
o Mucocutaneous Paracoccidioidomycosis
o Lymphonodular Paracoccidioidomycosis
o Disseminated Paracoccidioidomycosis

18
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis EA?

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

19
Q

Geographic Distribution: South America and Central
America

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

19
Q

Talaromyces marneffei infection EA?

A

: Talaromyces marneffei

20
Q

Talaromyces marneffei infection
Clinical Manifestions:
Normal immunity:

A

Disseminated or Focal (Mimics
TB)

21
Q

Talaromyces marneffei infection
Clinical Manifestions:
Immunosupressed:

A

Disseminated (Mimics
Cryptococcosis/ Histoplasmosis)

22
Q
  • Fungal elements appear as gram-positive or gram-
    negative.
A

Gram Stain

23
Q

– Differential staining technique based
on bacterial cell wall structure

A

Gram Stain

24
Q

breaks down the proteinaceous components of
the host cells without altering the structure of the
fungal elements that are present

24
Q

o Can be helpful in revealing fungal elements
in wet mounts when examined under a
fluorescence microscope

A

KOH with Calcfluor White

25
Q

is a
compound that stain the fungal cell wall

A

calcofluor white

26
Q
  1. AB test
A
  • Immunodiffusion
  • Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST)
27
Q

negative stain
o Used for Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

India Ink-

28
Q

The polysaccharide capsule of cryptococcus
spp exclude the ink particles giving a “clear
halo: around the organism

A

India Ink-

29
Q
  1. AG test
A
  • Latex Agglutination - Radioimmunoassay
30
Q

Eukaryotic unicellular fungi
Reproduces by budding
Moist to waxy colonies
Round to oval
Elongate or irregular in shape

31
Q

Yeast cell membrane

A

D Ergosterol

31
Q

YEAST cell wall

A

Chitin also L-glucans and Mannans

32
Q
  • Primary Isolation Medium for Yeasts - Acidic pH 5.0 - High concentration of suga
A

a. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar

33
Q

SDA with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide - Selective medium for isolation of fungi

A

. Mycosel Agar

34
Q

test to determine if isolated colony is
bacteria or yeast

A

a. Wet Mount

34
Q
  • used to differentiate Candida albicans and
    Candida dubliniensis from other yeast
A

b. Germ tube

35
Q
  • Corn meal with tween 80 agar test - For distinguishing various species of Candida and
    other yeasts
A

. Dalmau Plate Method

36
Q

The basic structural unit of mold is?

37
Q

mold Divided into cells by the development of

A

Cross-walls
(septa)

38
Q

mold observe growth in?

A

Mycosel agar

38
Q

mold reproduce by?

39
Q

Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) Mount: – kills any live microorganisms

A

Phenol –

40
Q

Disadvantage:
o Only superficial structures of fungi tent to
stick to the tape
o Rarely used technique because of
inconvenience

A

. Scotch Tape Method/ cellophane tape method

40
Q

lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) Mount: Preserves fungal structures

A

. Lactic Acid

41
Q

Advantage
o Compared to tease mount technique,
morphology appears intact

A
  1. Scotch Tape Method/ cellophane tape method
41
Q

lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) Mount: Stain the Chitin present in the fungal cell wall

A

Cotton blue

42
Q
  • Disadvantage: morphology is not intace
A
  1. Tease Mount Technique
43
Q

holoblastic or enteroblastic)

A

Conidium wall

44
Q

(clamps, spiral, favic, chandelier)

A

Hyphal Structure (

44
Q

CONIDIODENOUS CELLS TYPES OF CONIDIOGENOUS
CELLS

A
  • Annelids
  • Phialide
  • Thallic Conidiogenesis
45
Q

(ascomata, Ascospores,
sporangiospores)

A

Sexual structures

47
Q

• Classic pigment & morphology, but not necessarily the best primary growth or sporulation.
• Poor recovery of dermatophytes and other groups of organisms.

A

Sabouraud’s Dextrose
Agar (SDA)

48
Q
  • Enhances reproductive structures production
    • Enhances colony color
A

Potato Dextrose or
Flakes Agar (PDA/PFA)

49
Q

• Enhances growth of dimorphic fungi

A

Brain Heart Infusion Agar

50
Q

Contains both CHLORAMPHENICOL (inhibits bacterial growth) and CYCLOHEXIMIDE (inhibits saprobic fungi and some opportunists and true pathogens)

A

Mycosel Agar

51
Q

• Partially differential and selective for dermatophytes.
* With antibiotics to inhibit bacteria
• With cycloheximide to inhibit most non-dermatophytes
* With indicator to demonstrate increase in pH = consistent with dermatophyte growth.

A

Dermatophyte Test Medium

bacteriology (24 decks)

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