Mussolini and the Church II Flashcards
What derogatory term did BM originally refer to priests as?
Black germs
Why was the church willing to cooperate with BM by 1922?
He was clearly not going to be deposed. There was no credible opposition and Fascism was clearly there to stay.
Who met secretly with BM in 1923 to arrange a pact?
Gasparri
In April 1923 BM was able to dismiss who?
The Populari
What issue did the pope support BM over?
The Matteotti Crisis of 1924
Which two institutions clashed?
Catholic Action and the Ballilia
How was this clash resolved?
Catholic youth groups weren’t allowed to compete with Fascist groups.
What did BM refuse to do even after the Lateran treaties?
Kiss the Pope’s ring.
What did the party do to appeal to the Church?
- granted them religious education in all schools
- intensified the pre-existing divorce laws
- banned contraception
- made swearing in public illegal
Which two marriages cemented their alliance?
BM’s renewal of his vows to Rachele and the arranging of his daughter to marry Ciano in St Peters
Why did BM and the Church fall out in 1938?
BM declared that the Italians were “a pure, superior race” before implementing the anti-Semitic race laws. This angered the Pope.
How did the Pope respond to the 1938 Race laws?
He responded to the race laws by stating that “Catholicism is universal; it is nor racist)
How much was paid to the church in compensation?
750 million lira
What else was the church given in compensation?
1000 million lira worth in government bonds as compensation for lands lost at unification
Where did the pope have sovereignty over?
The Vatican and spiritual matters.
