music 401-450 Flashcards
what kind of contour describes the melody of “The Star Spangle Banner?”
disjunct
Whit kind of contour describes the melody of “Row, Row, Row Your Boat?”
conjunct
How many flags denote sixteenth notes in rhythmic notation?
2
How does a half note differ from a quarter note in rhythmic notation?
The note head of the half note is not filled in.
In rhythmic notation, how does a whole note differ from a half note?
The whole note does not have a stem
How many eighth notes make up a whole note?
8
How many sixteenth notes make up a quarter note?
4
How many sixteenth notes make up a dotted half note?
12
What rhythmic change is denoted by a small dot next to the head of a note?
add half of the note’s original value to itself.
How many beats does a dotted whole note contain?
6
How many beats does a dotted quarter note contain?
1.5
subito
a change executed suddenly
poco a poco
a change executed gradualy
most drums fall under what instrumental classification
most drums are membranophones
what factors affect the sound of a drum
the material and size of the drum and its membrane affect the sound of the drum
what type of drum has pitches that can be adjusted using a foot pedal
a timpani
what type of drum has a 36 inch frame covered with two drumheads
an orchestral bass drum
what characteristic of the snare drum makes it different than all other drums
snare drums have metal snares or string attached to them that vibrate when the drum is hit
how do aerophones create sound
in aerophones, sound is created by the vibration of a column of air inside the instrument
name two instruments that are played by blowing air across the opening of a column
flute piccolo or recorder
what is a reed
a eed is a piece of can wood that is carved and inserted into the mouthpiece of some woodwind instruments. it vibrates as the instrument is played
name two single reed instruments
clarinet saxophone
name two double reed instruments
oboe and bassoon
what is the difference between the flute and the piccolo
the piccolo is smaller than the flute and has a higher range
what material is the clarinet made out of
african or brazilian blackwood
what is another name for the double bass
string bass or upright lower
how long is the body of a double bass
180-200 cn
in order from highest to lowest, what are the strings of a double bass
g2, d2, a1, e1
how many strings does an orchestral harp
47
what is the tonal range of a concert harp
c1 to g#7
why is the piano considered a chordophone
the piano is classified as a chordophone bc it creates sound by the vibration of strings which are struck by small hammers
what are the 3 classifications of percussion instruments
membranophones idiophones and metallophones
what is the primary purpose of percussion instruments in most ensembles
their function is usually to add to the rhythmic complexity of the piece or to keep the beat rather than to add to the melody or harmony
what is the difference between an idiophone and a membranophone
membranophones are percussion instrumentes that feature a taut membrane that is struck to create a sound. idiophones are instruments such as shakers that lack a membrane
what are at least three examples if pitched bar instruments
vibraphone, tubular bells, glockenspiel, xylophone, or marimba
what two woods can a bassoon be made form
maple or rosewood
what is the lowest sounding instrument in the orchestra
the contrabassoon, with a range from B 60 to E4
what creates sound in brass instruments
brass instrument produce sound via the vibration of the players lips against the mouthpiece
what is the smallest brass instrument
trumpet
in what way is the trombone unlike other brass instruments
unlike other brass instruments which uses valves to control pitch the trombone uses a long slide
what instruments make up the low brass section of an orchestra
trombone tuba and sometimes a euphonium and a baritone
what sort of aerophones are not played using human lung power
pipe organs
how many violin sections are there in a traditional orchestral setup
two
what instruments are included in a standard wind quintet
flute oboe clarinet bassoon and horn
What symbol denotes a second inversion triad?
a 6 and 4 stacked vertically after the chord symbol
What TWO scales require an F# in the key signature?
G major and E mnor
How many key signatures are possible in common practice tonality?
12
What TWO keys require a Bb in the key signature?
F major and D minor
What accidentals are required in the key signature of Bb?
A Bb and Eb
How many keys are possible?
24
Why are there only a limited number of possible keys?
Every key must preserve the sequence of half and whole steps required by the scale.
what kind of triad is built on ^7 of a major scale?
diminished
What symbols are used to describe chords?
Roman numerals
What TWO chord progressions consist of predominant dominant tonic?
Iv_V-I or ii-V-I
What harmonic role does the added seventh play in a dominant seventh chord?
It exerts an additional pull to the tonic.
Modal mixture
Altering pitches of the basic triad
nonfunctional harmony
using chords from common-practice tonality without resolving them
what two beats are generally weakest in duple mete?
2 and 4
what two bears are generally strongest in duple meter
1 and 3
what separates measures on the staff
bar lines
what beats of the measure must be aligned for two simultaneous meters to form a polymeter
downbeats
what name is irregular meter known as
asymmetrical meter
what name polyrhythm also know by
cross rhythm
what are the two most common polyrhythms
2 against 3 and 3 against 4
including root position, how many triad inversions are possible
3
what symbol denotes a first inversion triad
a 6 written after the chord symbol
arranging
giving instructions to what each individual performance should play based on an existing piece of music
which harmonic role corresponds to a seventh chord built from ^7
dominant
which note of a triad can be omitted without interfering with the harmony
the fifth
what tradition forms the basis of blues music
rural african american oral tradition
emotion most characteristic of the blues
sadness
blue notes
flattened, bent, or shaded notes on ^3 ^5 and ^7
how can a pianist play blue notes that lie between piano keys
using crushed notes by playing two adjacent notes at once
why is western notation unable to capture the nuances of the blues
much of blues is improvisational
at which part of the form does a line of blue lyrics generally end
midway through a four bar section
ring shout
a slavery era religious tradition involving improvisation, call and response, and movement
which two cultural contexts did the ring shout combine
african and american
