art 51-100

Question 1

FOUR key inventions in architecture

Answer 1

post- and -lintel, the arc, the vault, and the dome

Question 2

the great Depression

Answer 2

global economic crisis triggered by the 1929 US stock market crash

Question 3

SIX factors determining how individuals were affected by the Great Depression

Answer 3

social and finance status, education, race, gender, and location

Question 4

economic sector experiencing the most severe unemployment during the Great Depression

Answer 4

industrial sector

Question 5

region of the US struck with drought during the Great Depression

Answer 5

the Midwest

Question 6

What goal does a study of art history try to achieve?

Answer 6

to understand art and its meaning in its historical context

Question 7

What four factors are considered in the study of a work of art?

Answer 7

formal qualities, function, artist and patron goals, and audience

Question 8

To what three disciplines is art history closely related

Answer 8

anthropology, history, and sociology

Question 9

With which two fields does art history sometimes overlap?

Answer 9

Aesthetics and criticism

Question 10

Aesthetics

Answer 10

the philosophy inquiry into the nature and expression of beauty

Question 11

art criticism

Answer 11

the explanation occurrent art events to the public via the press

Question 12

What types of media do modern art historians consider “art”?

Answer 12

visual material with meaning or aesthetic appeal

Question 13

On what kind of art did past art historians primarily focus?

Answer 13

fine art

Question 14

What five media types qualify as fine arts?

Answer 14

paintings, prints, drawings, sculpture architecture

Question 15

What types of artwork dismissed by earlier art historians are now included in our definition of “art”?

Answer 15

crafts

Question 16

What three types of artworks are considered crafts?

Answer 16

textiles, pottery, and body art

Question 17

What four objects are sometimes included in art history that may not be considered art by their audience?

Answer 17

mass-produced posters and advertisements, telephones, forks, and furniture

Question 18

True or False: Art historians acknowledge that the meaning if a work of art varies for different viewers and time periods.

Answer 18

true; different time periods and people of different social class may interpret a work differently.

Question 19

What two modes are used in historical analysis of art?

Answer 19

formal analysis and contextual analysis

Question 20

largest patron of visual arts, theater, and literature during the Great Depression

Answer 20

the government

Question 21

John Steinbeck

Answer 21

author of The Grapes of Wrath

Question 22

institution which society trusted to resolve the problems of the Great Depression

Answer 22

the government

Question 23

New Deal policies

Answer 23

depression-era governmental policies intended to help the economy, supported the arts and literature

Question 24

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Answer 24

32nd president of the US 1933-1945 who enacted New Deal policies

Question 25

Herbert Hoover

Answer 25

31st president of US, predecessor of Roosevelt

Question 26

the First New Deal

Answer 26

New Deal policies enacted in 1933 under FD Roosevelt

Question 27

What are the effects of adding a glaze to an oil painting?

Answer 27

Adding a glaze can give the painting a luminous glow that tempera cannot achieve.

Question 28

What is the benefit of the slow drying time of oil paints?

Answer 28

Artists can continue working on an oil painting over a long period of time.

Question 29

The opposite of glossy

Answer 29

matte

Question 30

How did the invention of the paint tube transform the art of painting?

Answer 30

Artists no longer needed to mix their own pigments and could bring their paints outside the studio to paint in the open air.

Question 31

The impact of the invention of the paint tube can be observed in the development of which artistic movement?

Answer 31

Impressionism

Question 32

Who invented the first collapsible metal paint tube in 1841

Answer 32

John Rand, an american portrait painter

Question 33

Oil paint traditionally uses what material as a binder?

Answer 33

linseed oil

Question 34

This oilpainting technique involves painting the entire work in monochrome

Answer 34

grisaille

Question 35

This is the final layer applied over an oil painting after it as dried, which gives the painting a glossy protective coating.

Answer 35

varnish

Question 36

what is gesso

Answer 36

plaster, usually mixed with rabbit skin glue, which is applied to a canvas as a primer before the application of tempera

Question 37

what is encaustic

Answer 37

a wax based paint

Question 38

which ancient civilization used encaustic to paint grave markers

Answer 38

the egyptians

Question 39

how is encaustic applied to a surface

Answer 39

molten wax is fused with the surface using hot irons

Question 40

what is the most common waterbased paint

Answer 40

watercolor

Question 41

casein is another water based paint that uses__as a binder

Answer 41

milk glue

Question 42

water color is (opaque/transparent)

Answer 42

transparent

Question 43

what are the advantages of gouache

Answer 43

it has more body than watercolor, dries slowly, creates brighter colors than watercolor and is useful for painting small details

Question 44

This recently developed paint is made from synthetic materials and has a plastic binder

Answer 44

acrylic

Question 45

oil paints became widely used during which era

Answer 45

the renaissance

Question 46

true or false, in using watercolor, artists use white paint to make tint

Answer 46

false, artists will simply dilute the paint with more water to make tints

Question 47

what is used as a binder in watercolor paint

Answer 47

gum arabic

Question 48

in working with watercolor, the (lighter/darker) colors are applied first

Answer 48

lighter

Question 49

what are the disadvantages of using watercolor

Answer 49

mistakes cannot be easily fixed, it lacks texture, it is difficult to learn, and it is rather unpredictable

Question 50

what is the interval between c and g ascending

Answer 50

perfect fifth

Question 51

what is the interval between a and c ascending

Answer 51

minor third

Question 52

what is the interval between f and b ascending

Answer 52

tritone

Question 53

what is the interval between ^6 and ^7 in a major scale

Answer 53

whole step

Question 54

What determines the number of beats per second created by two interfering sound waves?

Answer 54

the number of beats per second created by two interfering sound waves is equal to the difference in frequency between the two waves (f1 - f2 = bps).

Question 55

what is the interval between ^2 and ^3 in a major scale

Answer 55

whole step

Question 56

what are the 3 varieties of minor scale

Answer 56

natural, melodic and harmonic

Question 57

hat scale degree is always lowered in a minor scale

Answer 57

^3

Question 58

how does harmonic minor differ from natural minor

Answer 58

the seventh scale degree is raised in harmonic minor

Question 59

relative major and minor

Answer 59

major and minor scales that use the same pitches, but different tonics

Question 60

parallel major and minor

Answer 60

major and minor scales that contain the same pitches

Question 61

andante

Answer 61

at a walking pace

Question 62

which scale degrees can be lowered in a blues scale

Answer 62

^3 and ^5

Question 63

melody

Answer 63

a series of successive pitches perceived but the ear ti firm a whole cohesive

Question 64

how many pitches can occur simultaneously in a melody

Answer 64

1

Question 65

what is the fastest tempo

Answer 65

presto

Question 66

what is the slowest tempo

Answer 66

lento or grave

Question 67

andante

Answer 67

at a walking pace

Question 68

what other name is used to refer to a full cadence?

Answer 68

authentic cadence

Question 69

on what harmony does half cadence rest?

Answer 69

the dominant

Question 70

theme

Answer 70

a set of phrases making up a complete melody which figures prominently in a piece of music

Question 71

how does the sequence differ from repitition?

Answer 71

in sequence, the repetition occurs at varying pitch levels

Question 72

what symbols are used to label complete sections of MUSICAL FORM IN A DIAGRAM?

Answer 72

capital letters

Question 73

what TWO contrasting elements must a listener be able to recognize in musical variation?

Answer 73

continuity and alteration

Question 74

what symbol is used to denote a variation on a theme?

Answer 74

a "prime" mark added to the same capital letter used for the theme

Question 75

what meter is generally used for a twelve-bar blues?

Answer 75

duple

Question 76

What THREE harmonies appear in a standard twelve-bar blues?

Answer 76

I, IV, and V (tonic, predominant and dominant)

Question 77

How is contrast used in ternary form?

Answer 77

There is a contrasting middle section between the similar first and last sections.

Question 78

What kind of cadence is used to end each section of ternary form?

Answer 78

authentic cadence

Question 79

What name is ternary form also known by?

Answer 79

ABA form

Question 80

rondo form

Answer 80

a form made up of a multiple sections, one of which recurs

Question 81

how does rondo form differ from ternary form?

Answer 81

rondo form is less structured than tenury form and allows for more and different sections

Question 82

how long are the sections of a standard 32-bar form?

Answer 82

8 measures each

Question 83

What diagram is typically used to represent a 32-bar form

Answer 83

AABA

Question 84

fugue subject

Answer 84

a single theme developed using a counterpoint

Question 85

countersubject

Answer 85

a companion theme to the fugue subject

Question 86

imitation

Answer 86

the approximate repetition of a melodic idea a a different pitch level

Question 87

what musical texture best describes a fugue?

Answer 87

polyphony

Question 88

At either of what TWO intervals from an original subject does the second line of a fugue usually imitiate the subject?

Answer 88

a fifth higher, or a fourth lower

Question 89

what THREE main sections make up the sonata form

Answer 89

exposition, development, and reacapitualition

Question 90

how many major musical ideas are present in a sonatat?

Answer 90

2

Question 91

To what key does the sonata form usually modulate for the second idea

Answer 91

the dominant

Question 92

how does the exposition of a sonata form generally end?

Answer 92

a strong cadence in the dominant key

Question 93

Which section form is the most harmonically unstable?

Answer 93

the development

Question 94

how does the development of a sonata form generally end?

Answer 94

a half cadence in the dominant key

Question 95

How does the reacapitulation differ from the exposition in the sonata form

Answer 95

the second msuical idea does not modulate to the dominant key in the recapitulation

Question 96

movements

Answer 96

shorter, distinct pieces that make up a longer work

Question 97

what pattern of tempos usually appears in four-movemet, but not three-movement, sonata cycles?

Answer 97

a dance-like "minuet and trio" movement

Question 98

performance practice

Answer 98

a study of how music actually

Question 99

In a sound wave, what is the difference between compression and rarefaction?

Answer 99

A sound wave moving through the air causes pressure changes. Compression refers to the space where air pressure is increased, while rarefaction is the area where air pressure is decreased. One cycle of compression and rarefaction creates a complete sound wave.