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Academic Decathlon > art 51-100 > Flashcards

art 51-100 Flashcards

1
Q

FOUR key inventions in architecture

A

post- and -lintel, the arc, the vault, and the dome

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2
Q

the great Depression

A

global economic crisis triggered by the 1929 US stock market crash

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3
Q

SIX factors determining how individuals were affected by the Great Depression

A

social and finance status, education, race, gender, and location

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4
Q

economic sector experiencing the most severe unemployment during the Great Depression

A

industrial sector

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5
Q

region of the US struck with drought during the Great Depression

A

the Midwest

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6
Q

What goal does a study of art history try to achieve?

A

to understand art and its meaning in its historical context

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7
Q

What four factors are considered in the study of a work of art?

A

formal qualities, function, artist and patron goals, and audience

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8
Q

To what three disciplines is art history closely related

A

anthropology, history, and sociology

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9
Q

With which two fields does art history sometimes overlap?

A

Aesthetics and criticism

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10
Q

Aesthetics

A

the philosophy inquiry into the nature and expression of beauty

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11
Q

art criticism

A

the explanation occurrent art events to the public via the press

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12
Q

What types of media do modern art historians consider “art”?

A

visual material with meaning or aesthetic appeal

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13
Q

On what kind of art did past art historians primarily focus?

A

fine art

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14
Q

What five media types qualify as fine arts?

A

paintings, prints, drawings, sculpture architecture

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15
Q

What types of artwork dismissed by earlier art historians are now included in our definition of “art”?

A

crafts

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16
Q

What three types of artworks are considered crafts?

A

textiles, pottery, and body art

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17
Q

What four objects are sometimes included in art history that may not be considered art by their audience?

A

mass-produced posters and advertisements, telephones, forks, and furniture

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18
Q

True or False: Art historians acknowledge that the meaning if a work of art varies for different viewers and time periods.

A

true; different time periods and people of different social class may interpret a work differently.

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19
Q

What two modes are used in historical analysis of art?

A

formal analysis and contextual analysis

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20
Q

largest patron of visual arts, theater, and literature during the Great Depression

A

the government

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21
Q

John Steinbeck

A

author of The Grapes of Wrath

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22
Q

institution which society trusted to resolve the problems of the Great Depression

A

the government

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23
Q

New Deal policies

A

depression-era governmental policies intended to help the economy, supported the arts and literature

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24
Q

Franklin D. Roosevelt

A

32nd president of the US 1933-1945 who enacted New Deal policies

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25
Q

Herbert Hoover

A

31st president of US, predecessor of Roosevelt

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26
Q

the First New Deal

A

New Deal policies enacted in 1933 under FD Roosevelt

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27
Q

What are the effects of adding a glaze to an oil painting?

A

Adding a glaze can give the painting a luminous glow that tempera cannot achieve.

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28
Q

What is the benefit of the slow drying time of oil paints?

A

Artists can continue working on an oil painting over a long period of time.

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29
Q

The opposite of glossy

A

matte

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30
Q

How did the invention of the paint tube transform the art of painting?

A

Artists no longer needed to mix their own pigments and could bring their paints outside the studio to paint in the open air.

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31
Q

The impact of the invention of the paint tube can be observed in the development of which artistic movement?

A

Impressionism

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32
Q

Who invented the first collapsible metal paint tube in 1841

A

John Rand, an american portrait painter

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33
Q

Oil paint traditionally uses what material as a binder?

A

linseed oil

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34
Q

This oilpainting technique involves painting the entire work in monochrome

A

grisaille

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35
Q

This is the final layer applied over an oil painting after it as dried, which gives the painting a glossy protective coating.

A

varnish

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36
Q

what is gesso

A

plaster, usually mixed with rabbit skin glue, which is applied to a canvas as a primer before the application of tempera

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37
Q

what is encaustic

A

a wax based paint

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38
Q

which ancient civilization used encaustic to paint grave markers

A

the egyptians

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39
Q

how is encaustic applied to a surface

A

molten wax is fused with the surface using hot irons

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40
Q

what is the most common waterbased paint

A

watercolor

41
Q

casein is another water based paint that uses__as a binder

A

milk glue

42
Q

water color is (opaque/transparent)

A

transparent

43
Q

what are the advantages of gouache

A

it has more body than watercolor, dries slowly, creates brighter colors than watercolor and is useful for painting small details

44
Q

This recently developed paint is made from synthetic materials and has a plastic binder

A

acrylic

45
Q

oil paints became widely used during which era

A

the renaissance

46
Q

true or false, in using watercolor, artists use white paint to make tint

A

false, artists will simply dilute the paint with more water to make tints

47
Q

what is used as a binder in watercolor paint

A

gum arabic

48
Q

in working with watercolor, the (lighter/darker) colors are applied first

A

lighter

49
Q

what are the disadvantages of using watercolor

A

mistakes cannot be easily fixed, it lacks texture, it is difficult to learn, and it is rather unpredictable

50
Q

what is the interval between c and g ascending

A

perfect fifth

51
Q

what is the interval between a and c ascending

A

minor third

52
Q

what is the interval between f and b ascending

A

tritone

53
Q

what is the interval between ^6 and ^7 in a major scale

A

whole step

54
Q

What determines the number of beats per second created by two interfering sound waves?

A

the number of beats per second created by two interfering sound waves is equal to the difference in frequency between the two waves (f1 - f2 = bps).

55
Q

what is the interval between ^2 and ^3 in a major scale

A

whole step

56
Q

what are the 3 varieties of minor scale

A

natural, melodic and harmonic

57
Q

hat scale degree is always lowered in a minor scale

A

^3

58
Q

how does harmonic minor differ from natural minor

A

the seventh scale degree is raised in harmonic minor

59
Q

relative major and minor

A

major and minor scales that use the same pitches, but different tonics

60
Q

parallel major and minor

A

major and minor scales that contain the same pitches

61
Q

andante

A

at a walking pace

62
Q

which scale degrees can be lowered in a blues scale

A

^3 and ^5

63
Q

melody

A

a series of successive pitches perceived but the ear ti firm a whole cohesive

64
Q

how many pitches can occur simultaneously in a melody

A

1

65
Q

what is the fastest tempo

A

presto

66
Q

what is the slowest tempo

A

lento or grave

67
Q

andante

A

at a walking pace

68
Q

what other name is used to refer to a full cadence?

A

authentic cadence

69
Q

on what harmony does half cadence rest?

A

the dominant

70
Q

theme

A

a set of phrases making up a complete melody which figures prominently in a piece of music

71
Q

how does the sequence differ from repitition?

A

in sequence, the repetition occurs at varying pitch levels

72
Q

what symbols are used to label complete sections of MUSICAL FORM IN A DIAGRAM?

A

capital letters

73
Q

what TWO contrasting elements must a listener be able to recognize in musical variation?

A

continuity and alteration

74
Q

what symbol is used to denote a variation on a theme?

A

a “prime” mark added to the same capital letter used for the theme

75
Q

what meter is generally used for a twelve-bar blues?

A

duple

76
Q

What THREE harmonies appear in a standard twelve-bar blues?

A

I, IV, and V (tonic, predominant and dominant)

77
Q

How is contrast used in ternary form?

A

There is a contrasting middle section between the similar first and last sections.

78
Q

What kind of cadence is used to end each section of ternary form?

A

authentic cadence

79
Q

What name is ternary form also known by?

A

ABA form

80
Q

rondo form

A

a form made up of a multiple sections, one of which recurs

81
Q

how does rondo form differ from ternary form?

A

rondo form is less structured than tenury form and allows for more and different sections

82
Q

how long are the sections of a standard 32-bar form?

A

8 measures each

83
Q

What diagram is typically used to represent a 32-bar form

A

AABA

84
Q

fugue subject

A

a single theme developed using a counterpoint

85
Q

countersubject

A

a companion theme to the fugue subject

86
Q

imitation

A

the approximate repetition of a melodic idea a a different pitch level

87
Q

what musical texture best describes a fugue?

A

polyphony

88
Q

At either of what TWO intervals from an original subject does the second line of a fugue usually imitiate the subject?

A

a fifth higher, or a fourth lower

89
Q

what THREE main sections make up the sonata form

A

exposition, development, and reacapitualition

90
Q

how many major musical ideas are present in a sonatat?

A

2

91
Q

To what key does the sonata form usually modulate for the second idea

A

the dominant

92
Q

how does the exposition of a sonata form generally end?

A

a strong cadence in the dominant key

93
Q

Which section form is the most harmonically unstable?

A

the development

94
Q

how does the development of a sonata form generally end?

A

a half cadence in the dominant key

95
Q

How does the reacapitulation differ from the exposition in the sonata form

A

the second msuical idea does not modulate to the dominant key in the recapitulation

96
Q

movements

A

shorter, distinct pieces that make up a longer work

97
Q

what pattern of tempos usually appears in four-movemet, but not three-movement, sonata cycles?

A

a dance-like “minuet and trio” movement

98
Q

performance practice

A

a study of how music actually

99
Q

In a sound wave, what is the difference between compression and rarefaction?

A

A sound wave moving through the air causes pressure changes. Compression refers to the space where air pressure is increased, while rarefaction is the area where air pressure is decreased. One cycle of compression and rarefaction creates a complete sound wave.

Academic Decathlon (35 decks)

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