music 151-200 Flashcards
how is the smoother voice leading created
by inverting chords so that each layer of the chord progression is conjunct
what scale degrees make up a dominant seventh chord
5,7,2,4
why does the dominant seventh chord have such a strong to pull to resolve
it contains a tritone
what is the strongest ending for a bass line
5 to 1
what are the most embellishments of a triad
adding a sixth seventh or ninth above the root
what distinguishes complex harmony from simple harmony
complex harmony uses more chromatic pitches
what does it mean for a piece of music to modulate
change keys
what is the name of schoenbergs system of pitch relationships
the twelve tone method
polytonality
using two keys simultaneously
texture
the number of things going on in a piece of music
what are the four types of texture in music
monophony, heterophony, homophony, and polyphony
monophony
music consisting of a single unaccompanied melodic line
what are the components of homophonic music
melody and harmony
polyphony
two or more melodies unfolding at the same time
what is the name of the technique used by western composers to produce polyphony
counterpoint
melodies in the counterpoint
melodies with the same beat and harmonic progression
instrumentation
the instrument or combination of instruments used in a piece
why is it difficult to determine the pitch of a church bell
bells produce very strong overtones
why does a clarinet produce a clear note with little ambiguity in pitch
only strong overtones reproduce the pitch being overplayed
instrument attributes determining its timbre
the material form which it is made and the amount of resonance
dynamics
the loudness and softness of a sound
pianissisimo
as softly as possible
fortississimo
as loudly as possible
crescendo
a gradual increase in dynamics
decrescendo or diminuendo
a gradual decrease in dynamics
mp
mezzopiano
ff
fortissimo
articulation
the mechanics of starting and ending a sound
staccato
short detached notes
what part of the mouth does a woodwind player use to create a staccato effect
his tongue
legato
notes that are played in a smooth connected manner
bouncing the bow or plucking the string(pizzicato)
violin techniques used to produce staccato
what is the difference between staccato and an accent
an accent has a more sudden beginning and does not require separation before the next note
ornamentation
localized embellishments, often unwritten
symbol for staccato
a dot placed under or over the note head
symbol for legato
a curved line connecting multiple note heads
tenuto
notes that are stressed without force
symbol for tenuto
a horizontal line under or over the note head
form
the organization of a piece of music on a larger scale
what two visual representations are used to express musical form
scores and diagrams
tension and release
complementary elements shape to a chord progression or melody
what method is the primary way to create tension in music
harmonic dissonance
motive
smalleest identifiable recurring musical idea
phrase
cohesive musical thought
antecedent and consequence phrases
the two members of a related pair of phrases
cadence
a resting point in a piece of music
a melody that moves primarily in intervals larger than a minor second
disjunct melody
the high, middle , and low parts of an instruments’ range
register
what is the distinguishing feature of a melody with a high tessitura?
it calls for many notes in the high register of an instrument’s range
the way music is organized in time
rhythm
